Biodegradation of composites based on maltodextrin and wheat B-starch in compost

Abstract

Růžek L., Růžková M., Koudela M., Bečková L., Bečka D., Kruliš Z., Šárka E., Voříšek K., Ledvina Š., Šalounová B., Venyercsanová J. The study is focused on the microbial and chemical parameters of green compost in which composites based on acetylated wheat B-starch and maltodextrin (patented procedure) were biodegraded and also on the parameters of lettuce grown on this compost before and after the biodegradation. With a load of up to 1 g of composites per 1 l of compost, and with a storage period of 0, 7-14, 15-20 and 21-147 days, mixture of compost wiped off the surface both of wellpreserved composites and of the immediate surroundings of their residues was evaluated. Microbial biomass, basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient, dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase activity (ARS) and the parameters of the lettuce growth on this compost did not show any negative changes. On the contrary acetylated wheat B-starch and maltodextrin stimulated both ARS and BR. ARS showed the most rapid onset among all tests. The height of the aboveground parts of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) grown on green compost was significantly better, compared to commercial peat-based substrates.

The effect of microencapsulated essential oils on the initial growth of maize (Zea mays) and common weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album)

“…Second, we hypothesize that MDX could increase the soil extract concentration, decreasing the water uptake by the roots of the plants. In lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Růžek et al (2015) observed that a small (1 g/l) addition of MDX to the green compost, composed from finely crushed green municipal waste, white high-moor peat, clayey soil from excavation, and pearlite, significantly improved the aboveground physiological parameters of lettuce growth, compared to green compost without MDX. This may suggest that both the soil type and MDX dose, cause distinct growth effects, depending also on the tested plant species.…”

The biochar effect on soil respiration and nitrification

“…Microbial biomass carbon (C mic ) was determined by a modified rehydration method (Růžek et al 2015).…”

Microwave assisted biocidal extraction is an alternative method to measure microbial biomass of carbon from cultivated and non-cultivated soils

“…In contrast, the biocidal action of fumigation with chloroform is death due to toxicity and by enzyme autolysis which converts part of the cellular constituents into other compounds [3,9]. Studies have been shown relationship between microbial biomass measured by chloroform fumigation and biocidal microwave irradiation [15,16,30]. Table 1 In general, there were differences between the soils (Eutrudox) from Londrina and (Hapludox) from Ponta Grossa in the pattern of C flush when the soils were fumigated with chloroform and extracted with MW or K 2 SO 4 .…”

“…For replacing chloroform fumigation, microwave-assisted (MW) irradiation has been suggested as an effective, rapid, and nontoxic alternative to chloroform fumigation means of killing soil microorganisms [10,11,15,16,23,30,39,43] with few exceptions. For example, a study using two grassland soils by Monz et al [22] and another with 30 Australian soils with a wide range of properties by Wang et al [40] Responsible Editor: Ieda Carvalho Mendes. showing that MW is not as effective as chloroform for MBC determination.…”

“…The number of studies that have been used MW irradiation as soil biocide and water salt extraction to quantify MBC in a diverse range of soil properties and management is increasing [2,10,16,19,23,30] maybe because the procedures are easy to perform and take a short time. In addition to the harmful effects of chloroform, its purchase in Brazil is controlled and made only after authorization by the Brazilian federal police.…”