Biodegradation Characteristics of Pharmaceutical Substances by Whole Fungal Culture Trametes versicolor and its Laccase

Abstract

The degradation of 10 selected pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) by whole fungal culture Trametes versicolor, culture filtrates and commercial laccase preparation was conducted. Complete removal of diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NPX), indomethacin (IDM), ibuprofen (IBP), and fenoprofen (FEP) and partial degradation of other selected PhACs were observed after 48 hours of incubation with the 7-day-old liquid fungal culture both in the presence and absence of ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) as a laccase-mediator. The catalytic activity of laccase in the degradation of selected PhACs was examined for both crude and commercial extracellular laccase preparations. The results showed that laccase preferentially removed DCF, NPX and IDM among the target PhACs removed by the whole fungal culture. Intracellular enzymes may be involved in the degradation of ketoprofen (KEP), clofibric acid (CA), carbamazepine (CBZ), propyphenazone (PPZ), fenoprofen (FEP) and gemfibrozil (GFZ). The removal of most selected PhACs was increased with the increase in laccase activity. The presence of redox mediators such as ABTS and HBT (1-hyroxybenzotriazole) promoted the degradation of selected PhACs, in which complete removal of DCF, NPX and IDM was observed after 3 hours of incubation with laccase activity (2000 U/L) in the presence of ABTS/HBT. The degradation spectrum by laccase for ionic PhACs with nitrogen-containing structure was quite different from that of the activated sludge process.

Removal of bisphenol A and diclofenac by a novel fungal membrane bioreactor operated under non-sterile conditions

“…Further gradual decrease in concentration occurred such that complete removal of bisphenol A and diclofenac was achieved in less than 120 h. These results are consistent with those reported by Marco-Urrea et al (2010) and Tran et al (2010). In contrast, the reduction in the concentration of bisphenol A and diclofenac from the test solution incubated with inactivated fungus after 24 h was only 25 and 26 %, respectively, and no further significant removal was observed thereafter (Figure 1a).…”

“…Evidence from the literature indicates that white-rot fungi can degrade various TrOCs, and the removal efficiency is governed by the physico-chemical properties of TrOCs, fungus strains and enzyme types (Marco-Urrea et al, 2010, Tran et al, 2010.…”

Carbamazepine as a Possible Anthropogenic Marker in Water: Occurrences, Toxicological Effects, Regulations and Removal by Wastewater Treatment Technologies

“…Similar to the activated sludge based treatment process, the extent of degradation by an enzyme also depends on the molecular properties of the PhACs. Since CBZ contains a recalcitrant EWG (i.e., amide), its degradation by extracellular enzymes has been reported to range only between 5-15% [157,162]. High removal of CBZ in whole-cell fungal bioreactor as compared to enzymatic membrane bioreactor was explained by Golan-Rozen et al [155].…”

Efficient biotransformation of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs by endophytic and epiphytic fungi from dried leaves of a medicinal plant, Plantago lanceolata L.

“…Decomposition of a wide range of NSAIDs and other drugs was achieved for example by Trametes versicolor Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al, 2010;Tran et al, 2010). This species was also able to dechlorinate halogenated aromatics of high environmental persistence (Marco-Urrea et al, 2009a).…”