Efficient biotransformation of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs by endophytic and epiphytic fungi from dried leaves of a medicinal plant, Plantago lanceolata L.

Abstract

In the current study, decomposition of diclofenac, diflunisal, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and piroxicam was tested using nine identified strains of endophytic and epiphytic fungi (from Ascomycota) adapted to natural products resembling the pharmaceuticals. The strains were isolated from a medicinal plant, Plantago lanceolata leaves. Metabolites were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry ).Eighteen of the 45 combinations resulted in significant decrease of the concentration of the NSAIDs in model solutions. The most active strains were Aspergillus nidulans and Bipolaris tetramera, while Epicoccum nigrum and Aspergillus niger showed somewhat less potency. Piroxicam and diclofenac were most resistant to biotransformation, while ibuprofen and mefenamic acid were efficiently metabolized by most strains. Ten metabolites could be tentatively identified, includinghydroxy-metabolites of all tested NSAIDs, and a dihydroxy-metabolite of piroxicam. This biotransformation is likely to modify the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of these pharmaceuticals.The results highlight the applicability of polyphenol-rich dried medicinal plant materials as an excellent source of fungi with high biotransforming potential. The results also suggest more in-depth testing of these fungi for biodegradation processes.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs initiate morphological changes but inhibit carotenoid accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis

“…Comparing our results with literature data, the used H. pluvialis strain was more sensitive to Dic than the closely related Dunaliella tertiolecta [40], or the non-motile green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus [36,37], but showed less sensitivity than an other non-motile green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata [35]. EC 50 As it can be seen from growth data, number of cysts increased also in control culture: a tenfold increase occurred to the 7 th day and a further twofold increase of this amount was observed to the 14 th day (Fig 1). However, even with these increases, proportion of cysts was only 24% of total cell number on the 14 th day, reddish pigmentation appeared only on the 7 th day (Fig.…”

“…Diclofenac (Dic), 2-(2,6-dichloranilino)phenylacetic acid belongs to the family of arylalkanoic acids. The molecule contains a chlorinated aromatic group (xenobiotic structure), so its environmental degradation is presumably slow or incomplete [46][47][48][49][50]. It has the classic triple effects of the NSAIDs, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects.…”

“…Diflunisal (Dif), 5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)salicylic acid belongs to the family of salicylic acid derivatives. It has a fluoro-phenyl structure (xenobiotic structure), suggesting slow or incomplete environmental degradation [50]. Dif effectively reduces pain, swelling and joint stiffness caused by arthritis.…”

Lentinula edodes Mycelium as Effective Agent for Piroxicam Mycoremediation

“…Applied species were able to dechlorinate halogenated aromatics (Marco-Urrea et al, 2009). Gonda et al (2016) presented the first research about fungal transformation of piroxicam and diflunisal. These authors discussed the ability of the species used to biotransformation of chosen medicines, and the possibility of using high concentrations of these substances and their chemical similarity.…”

Overview on the Biochemical Potential of Filamentous Fungi to Degrade Pharmaceutical Compounds

“…(IMI353656) cause hydroxylation in positions 3, 5, and 4. Fungi such as Aspergillus nidulans and Bipolaris tetramera can produce several hydroxylated compounds from diclofenac, although the authors did not discriminate the position of the hydroxyl group (Gonda et al, 2016 ).…”