Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration

Aoki, Katsumi

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12020095

Cited by 75 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…However, the molecular weight of the polymer—which causes incompleteness in pore size, porosity, and interconnectivity—negatively affects cell adhesion to the scaffold [ 41 , 42 ]. In general, it is known that polymers have less bone conduction ability than calcium phosphate-based artificial bone [ 43 ]. HA/TCP is a suitable ceramic material for manufacturing bone-grafting materials using 3D printing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Regeneration Capability of 3D Printed Ceramic Scaffolds

Kim

Yang

Hong

et al. 2020

IJMS

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In this study, we evaluated the bone regenerative capability of a customizable hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold using a digital light processing (DLP)-type 3D printing system. Twelve healthy adult male beagle dogs were the study subjects. A total of 48 defects were created, with two defects on each side of the mandible in all the dogs. The defect sites in the negative control group (sixteen defects) were left untreated (the NS group), whereas those in the positive control group (sixteen defects) were filled with a particle-type substitute (the PS group). The defect sites in the experimental groups (sixteen defects) were filled with a 3D printed substitute (the 3DS group). Six dogs each were exterminated after healing periods of 4 and 8 weeks. Radiological and histomorphometrical evaluations were then performed. None of the groups showed any specific problems. In radiological evaluation, there was a significant difference in the amount of new bone formation after 4 weeks (p < 0.05) between the PS and 3DS groups. For both of the evaluations, the difference in the total amount of bone after 8 weeks was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in new bone between the PS and 3DS groups in both evaluations after 8 weeks (p > 0.05). The proposed HA/TCP scaffold without polymers, obtained using the DLP-type 3D printing system, can be applied for bone regeneration. The 3D printing of a HA/TCP scaffold without polymers can be used for fabricating customized bone grafting substitutes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Regeneration Capability of 3D Printed Ceramic Scaffolds

Kim

Yang

Hong

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…However, the high molecular weights of certain polymers result in irregular pore sizes, which negatively affect cell-adhesion behavior of the scaffold [15,16]. Polymers also have lower bone-conduction abilities than those of the calcium-phosphate-based materials [17]. Hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradation, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures

Lim

Hong

Byeon

et al. 2020

IJMS

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This study evaluated the mechanical properties and bone regeneration ability of 3D-printed pure hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) pure ceramic scaffolds with variable pore architectures. A digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer was used to construct block-type scaffolds containing only HA and TCP after the polymer binder was completely removed by heat treatment. The compressive strength and porosity of the blocks with various structures were measured; scaffolds with different pore sizes were implanted in rabbit calvarial models. The animals were observed for eight weeks, and six animals were euthanized in the fourth and eighth weeks. Then, the specimens were evaluated using radiological and histological analyses. Larger scaffold pore sizes resulted in enhanced bone formation after four weeks (p < 0.05). However, in the eighth week, a correlation between pore size and bone formation was not observed (p > 0.05). The findings showed that various pore architectures of HA/TCP scaffolds can be achieved using DLP 3D printing, which can be a valuable tool for optimizing bone-scaffold properties for specific clinical treatments. As the pore size only influenced bone regeneration in the initial stage, further studies are required for pore-size optimization to balance the initial bone regeneration and mechanical strength of the scaffold.

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“…Significantly, the drug delivery approach reduced the amount of secondary interventions and infections compared to the control group without the BMP-2-delivering implant [41]. Aoki and Saito reviewed several natural polymers including collagen, gelatin, and hyaluronic acid with respect to BMP-2 delivery and the effects on bone healing [42]. Furthermore, Guo and coworkers investigated a drug delivery system comprising collagen sponges loaded with ibandronate ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Natural Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant Drug-Assisted Bone Healing: Advances and Challenges in Drug Delivery Approaches

et al. 2020

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Bone defects of critical size after compound fractures, infections, or tumor resections are a challenge in treatment. Particularly, this applies to bone defects in patients with impaired bone healing due to frequently occurring metabolic diseases (above all diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis), chronic inflammation, and cancer. Adjuvant therapeutic agents such as recombinant growth factors, lipid mediators, antibiotics, antiphlogistics, and proangiogenics as well as other promising anti-resorptive and anabolic molecules contribute to improving bone healing in these disorders, especially when they are released in a targeted and controlled manner during crucial bone healing phases. In this regard, the development of smart biocompatible and biostable polymers such as implant coatings, scaffolds, or particle-based materials for drug release is crucial. Innovative chemical, physico- and biochemical approaches for controlled tailor-made degradation or the stimulus-responsive release of substances from these materials, and more, are advantageous. In this review, we discuss current developments, progress, but also pitfalls and setbacks of such approaches in supporting or controlling bone healing. The focus is on the critical evaluation of recent preclinical studies investigating different carrier systems, dual- or co-delivery systems as well as triggered- or targeted delivery systems for release of a panoply of drugs.

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Biodegradable Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration

Cited by 75 publications

References 116 publications

Bone Regeneration Capability of 3D Printed Ceramic Scaffolds

Bone Regeneration Capability of 3D Printed Ceramic Scaffolds

3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures

Adjuvant Drug-Assisted Bone Healing: Advances and Challenges in Drug Delivery Approaches

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