Biodegradable mesoporous delivery system for biomineralization precursors

Abstract

Scaffold supplements such as nanoparticles, components of the extracellular matrix, or growth factors have been incorporated in conventional scaffold materials to produce smart scaffolds for tissue engineering of damaged hard tissues. Due to increasing concerns on the clinical side effects of using large doses of recombinant bone-morphogenetic protein-2 in bone surgery, it is desirable to develop an alternative nanoscale scaffold supplement that is not only osteoinductive, but is also multifunctional in that it can perform other significant bone regenerative roles apart from stimulation of osteogenic differentiation. Because both amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and silica are osteoinductive, a biodegradable, nonfunctionalized, expanded-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticle carrier was developed for loading, storage, and sustained release of a novel, biosilicification-inspired, polyamine-stabilized liquid precursor phase of ACP for collagen biomineralization and for release of orthosilicic acid, both of which are conducive to bone growth. Positively charged poly(allylamine)-stabilized ACP (PAH-ACP) could be effectively loaded and released from nonfunctionalized expanded-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (pMSN). The PAH-ACP released from loaded pMSN still retained its ability to infiltrate and mineralize collagen fibrils. Complete degradation of pMSN occurred following unloading of their PAH-ACP cargo. Because PAH-ACP loaded pMSN possesses relatively low cytotoxicity to human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, these nanoparticles may be blended with any osteoconductive scaffold with macro- and microporosities as a versatile scaffold supplement to enhance bone regeneration.

In vitro remineralization of enamel white spot lesions with a carrier-based amorphous calcium phosphate delivery system

“…The methods for carrier-based precursor delivery were developed according to Tay and colleagues' studies 18,22 . Seven milliliters mesitylene (TMB) and 1 g cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were dissolved in a solution that contained 480 mL water and 3.5 mL 2 M NaOH.…”

The Stability of Dentin Surface Biobarrier Consisting of Mesoporous Delivery System on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion and Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm Inhibition

“…After that, 1 mL of supernatant was collected and replaced with equal volume of fresh sterile deionized water. 35 An ultraviolet–visible UV-2401 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) was employed to measure cumulative EGCG release of these supernatants. The monitoring wavelength of 325 nm was selected.…”

Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair

“…Thus, a new hypothesis of simultaneously balancing electroneutrality and osmotic equilibrium to follow the Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium has been proposed to supplement the existing mechanisms of intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen. As a relatively new paradigm of collagen mineralization, both PAH-ACP in solution 49 or loaded in mesoporous silica 201 have shown promotive effects on dentin remineralization. Moreover, further research is necessary to the discovery of other cationic polyelectrolytes on the stabilization of ACP, which may expand the application scope of cationic polyelectrolytes-stabilized ACP.…”