“…It is a linear polysaccharide formed by β-1-4-linked d -glucopyranose repeating units [ 7 ]. It has gained special attention due to its biodegradability, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, high mechanical strength, and thermal and chemical stability [ 8 ]. Cellulose has potential in various applications, such as the paper industry, medicine and electronics industry, packaging materials, energy areas, hygiene and biomedical industries, and the cosmetic and food industries [ 9 , 10 ].…”
Cellulose has been widely used in the biomedical field. In this study, novel cellulose aerogels were firstly prepared in a NaOH-based solvent system by a facile casting method. Then amoxicillin was successfully loaded into cellulose aerogels with different loadings. The morphology and structure of the cellulose aerogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The drug release and antibacterial activities were also evaluated. The drug release results showed that cellulose aerogels have controlled amoxicillin release performance. In vitro antibacterial assay demonstrated that the cellulose aerogels exhibited excellent antibacterial activity with the amoxicillin dose-dependent activity. Therefore, the developed cellulose aerogels display controlled release behavior and efficient antibacterial performance, thus confirming their potential for biomedical applications.
“…It is a linear polysaccharide formed by β-1-4-linked d -glucopyranose repeating units [ 7 ]. It has gained special attention due to its biodegradability, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, high mechanical strength, and thermal and chemical stability [ 8 ]. Cellulose has potential in various applications, such as the paper industry, medicine and electronics industry, packaging materials, energy areas, hygiene and biomedical industries, and the cosmetic and food industries [ 9 , 10 ].…”
Cellulose has been widely used in the biomedical field. In this study, novel cellulose aerogels were firstly prepared in a NaOH-based solvent system by a facile casting method. Then amoxicillin was successfully loaded into cellulose aerogels with different loadings. The morphology and structure of the cellulose aerogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The drug release and antibacterial activities were also evaluated. The drug release results showed that cellulose aerogels have controlled amoxicillin release performance. In vitro antibacterial assay demonstrated that the cellulose aerogels exhibited excellent antibacterial activity with the amoxicillin dose-dependent activity. Therefore, the developed cellulose aerogels display controlled release behavior and efficient antibacterial performance, thus confirming their potential for biomedical applications.
“…Simultaneously, curves do not show a sharp decline, indicating no intense volatilization of organics or matrix decomposition occurred during measurement. Assuming the sample is pure without impurity except for H 2 O, the slight decline could be ascribed to H 2 O volatilization as H 2 O generally exists in clay [34,86] and can be evaporated at 50–500°C [34,87,88]. Figure 5.TGA curves for muscovite under γ -ray irradiation at different doses.…”
Intensive study on structure transformation of muscovite single crystal under high-dose
γ
-ray irradiation is essential for its use in irradiation detection and also beneficial for mechanism cognition on defect formation within a matrix of clay used in the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLRW). In this work, muscovite single crystal was irradiated with Co-60
γ
ray in air at a dose rate of 54 Gy min
−1
with doses of 0–1000 kGy. Then, structure transformation and mechanism were explored by Raman spectrum, Fourier-transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, CA, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. The main results show that variations in the chemical/crystalline structure are dose-dependent. Low-dose irradiation sufficiently destroyed the structure, removing Si–OH, thus declining hydrophilicity. With dose increase up to 100 kGy, CA increased from 20° to 40°. Except for hydrophilicity variation, shrink occurred in the (004) lattice plane which later recovered; the variation range at 500 kGy irradiation was 0.5% close to 0.02 Å. The main mechanisms involved were framework break and H
2
O radiolysis. Framework break results in Si–OH removal and H
2
O radiolysis results in extra OH introduction. The extra introduced OH probably results in Si–OH bond regeneration, lattice plane shrink and recovered surface hydrophilicity. The importance of framework break and H
2
O radiolysis on structure transformation is dose-dependence. At low doses, framework break seems more important while at high doses H
2
O radiolysis is important. Generally, variations in the chemical structure and surface property are nonlinear and less at high doses. This indicates using the chemical structure or surface property variation to describe irradiation is correct at low doses but not at high doses. This finding is meaningful for realizing whether muscovite is suitable for detecting high-dose irradiation or not, and mechanism exploration is efficient for identifying the procedure for defect formation within the matrix of clay used in disposal HLRW in practice.
“…A novel efficient cellulose grafting adsorbent was prepared by dispersing a certain proportion of clay and cellulose mixture in distilled water and grafting vinyl monomers onto the main chain of cellulose with potassium persulfate (PPS) as initiator [46]. Experiments showed that the adsorbent had good removal effect on Ca, Mg, Fe, Pb, and Cu ions individually in aqueous solution.…”
Section: Application Of Wastewater Treatmentmentioning
Cellulose is a rich natural polymer material, which has the characteristics of biodegradability, environmental friendliness and good biocompatibility. However, compared with conventional materials, there are some shortcomings in performance, such as intolerance corrosion, limited strength and so on. The chemical modification of cellulose not only retains its own excellent characteristics, but also introduces functional groups to endow it with specific properties. The chemical modification and utilization of cellulose has been the focus of research. In this paper, the latest advances in chemical modification of cellulose, such as esterification, etherification and grafting modification, are introduced. The research and application results of cellulose derivatives in food, wastewater treatment, medicine and papermaking in recent years are reviewed.
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