Biodegradable composites with aligned hydroxyapatite nanoneedles

Sun, Shih-Po; Wei, Mei; Olson, James R.; Shaw, Montgomery T.

doi:10.1002/jbm.b.32749

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This helps the HA particle retain its morphology which aids in partial alignment of the HA nanorods through the pultrusion process. Similar to the bonding between PCL and PLLA, the bonding between the HA and PCL matrix hinges on hydrogen bonding . These hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydroxyl and phosphate groups in the hydroxyapatite and the ketone group in the PCL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the process of coating the PLLA fibers in this case relies on the use of solubilized PCL, rather than the melted form of PCL. This difference in processing reduces the viscosity by several orders of magnitude, enabling the use of high molecular weight PCL …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was utilized to aid in the homogeneity and quality of the coating while increasing HA content in the final composite. HA is known to have a Young's modulus ranging from 40 to 150 GPa; due to this significantly higher Young's modulus relative to the PLLA and PCL, it is important to increase the HA volume percent in the sample as much as possible . Meanwhile, it is also important to maintain a sufficient ratio of PCL to HA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of significant improvement in this study is primarily due to defects created by using a PLLA/HA composite fiber. To remedy this, Sun et al created a composite with an HA‐filled polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix reinforced with long PLLA fibers . With this, they were able to create a tough composite with a flexural modulus of 8.7 GPa and a strength in the range of 100–150 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hydroxyapatite concentration on high‐modulus composite for biodegradable bone‐fixation devices

Heimbach

Grassie

Shaw

et al. 2016

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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There are over 3 million bone fractures in the United States annually; over 30% of which require internal mechanical fixation devices to aid in the healing process. The current standard material used is a metal plate that is implanted onto the bone. However, metal fixation devices have many disadvantages, namely stress shielding and metal ion leaching. This study aims to fix these problems of metal implants by making a completely biodegradable material that will have a high modulus and exhibit great toughness. To accomplish this, long-fiber poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) was utilized in combination with a matrix composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nano-rods. Through single fibril tensile tests, it was found that the PLLA fibers have a Young's modulus of 8.09 GPa. Synthesized HA nanorods have dimensions in the nanometer range with an aspect ratio over 6. By dip coating PLLA fibers in a suspension of PCL and HA and hot pressing the resulting coated fibers, dense fiber-reinforced samples were made having a flexural modulus up to 9.2 GPa and a flexural strength up to 187 MPa. The flexural modulus of cortical bone ranges from 7 to 25 GPa, so the modulus of the composite material falls into the range of bone. The typical flextural strength of bone is 130 MPa, and the samples here greatly exceed that with a strength of 187 MPa. After mechanical testing to failure the samples retained their shape, showing toughness with no catastrophic failure, indicating the possibility for use as a fixation material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1963-1971, 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hydroxyapatite concentration on high‐modulus composite for biodegradable bone‐fixation devices

Heimbach

Grassie

Shaw

et al. 2016

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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“…The pultrusion process for preparing HA/PLLA/PCL composite ribbons. Modified from . [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified pultrusion process for preparing composites reinforced with continuous fibers and aligned hydroxyapatite nano needles

et al. 2014

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Of importance to orthopedic procedures are repair materials that can carry significant loads without excessive deformation. In addition, these materials need to be biocompatible, bioabsorbable, and conducive to the replacement of the repair material with native bone. To meet these requirements, we have designed composites using two biocompatible/bioabsorbable polymers, poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) in fiber form and polycaprolactone (PCL) filled in a carefully designed fashion with nano needles of hydroxyapatite (HA). Discussed in this article is a modified pultrusion process that proved useful for producing suitable composites. In this process, the feed to the pultrusion die is a stabilized suspension of the HA needles in a PCL/MEK solution, whereas the fiber “bundle” is a single yarn containing 360 PLLA fibers. The small scale is needed to maximize the content of HA in the final composite and assure uniformity. Process variables studied include the ratio of HA to PCL in the suspension, the solids content of the suspension and various geometrical variables in the die design that influence the shear‐rate profile along the fiber path. The goal of the pultrusion step is to fill all interstices between the fibers with a PCL matrix that is reinforced with highly aligned HA needles. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:931–938, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Three Dimensional Printing and Biomaterials in the Repairment of Bone Defects; Hydroxyapatite PLA Filaments

Kaya

Şahin

Cingöz³

et al. 2019

Turk J Med Sci

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Introduction Application fields of bone tissue engineering studies continue to enlarge. New biocompatible materials aimed to improve bone repairment and regeneration of implants are being discovered everyday by scientists, engineers, and surgeons. Biocompatible, safe, and efficient biomaterials with a gradually increasing importance and field of application today are materials used to fulfill and support the functions of organs and living tissues in human body [1]. Hydroxyapatite, collagen, hyaluronic acid, poly fumarates, poly caprolactone, polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and PLA and PGA copolymers are some of the biomaterials used in medical field. Characteristics of these materials such as durability and compatibility were increased by combinations. In addition Background/aim: Application fields of bone tissue engineering studies continue to expand. New biocompatible materials aimed to improve bone repairment and regeneration of implants are being discovered everyday by scientists, engineers, and surgeons. Our objective in this study is to combine polylactic acid which is a polymer with hydroxyapatite in the repairment of bone defects considering the increased need by medical application fields. Materials and methods: After 750 g of PLA with a diameter of 2.85 mm was granulated into minimum particles, these particles were homogenously mixed with hydroxyapatite prepared in laboratory environment. Using this mixture, HA-PLA filament with a diameter of 2.85 mm was prepared in the extrusion device in Kütahya Medical Sciences University Innovative Technology Laboratory. The temperature was 250 °C and the gearmotor speed was 9 rpm during extrusion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was made for crystal phase analyses of the produced hydroxyapatite powder, to determine the produced main phase and examine whether a minor phase occurred. Vickers microhardness test was applied on both samples to measure the endurance levels of the samples prepared with HA-PLA filament. A loading force of 10 kg was applied on the samples for 10 s. Results: Hydroxyapatite peaks in XRD spectrum of the sample presented in figures are concordant with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, JCPDS-File Card No. 01-075-9526 and no significant minor phase was observed. For both samples, hardness value was observed to increase between 3 and 5 mm. Conclusion: Surfacing hydroxyapatite on metallic materials is possible. By similar logic, to increase durability with low cost, characteristics of biomaterials can be improved with combinations such as hydroxyapatite PLA. Thus, we found that while these materials have usage limitations due to present disadvantages when used alone, it is possible to increase their efficiency and availability through different combinations.

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Biodegradable composites with aligned hydroxyapatite nanoneedles

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of hydroxyapatite concentration on high‐modulus composite for biodegradable bone‐fixation devices

Effect of hydroxyapatite concentration on high‐modulus composite for biodegradable bone‐fixation devices

A modified pultrusion process for preparing composites reinforced with continuous fibers and aligned hydroxyapatite nano needles

Three Dimensional Printing and Biomaterials in the Repairment of Bone Defects; Hydroxyapatite PLA Filaments

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