Biodegradable and Highly Deformable Temperature Sensors for the Internet of Things

Salvatore, Giovanni A.; Sülzle, Jenny; Valle, Filippo Dalla; Cantarella, Giuseppe; Robotti, Francesco; Jokic, Petar; Knobelspies, Stefan; Daus, Alwin; Büthe, Lars; Petti, Luisa; Kirchgeßner, Norbert; Hopf, Raoul; Magno, Michele; Tröster, Gerhard

doi:10.1002/adfm.201702390

Cited by 195 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In general, skin temperature changes take place over a time span of several minutes [5,6]. Typical temperature sensors have fast response times <30 s [34,35]. However, since the RTDs positioned in the yarn are not in direct contact with the surface being measured, the heat needs to be transferred through the polyester filaments which provide thermal resistance and restricts the flow of heat.…”

Section: Response Time Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Temperature Sensor Integration into E-Textiles Using Different Industrial Yarn Fabrication Processes

Lugoda

Costa

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Textiles enhanced with thin-film flexible sensors are well-suited for unobtrusive monitoring of skin parameters due to the sensors' high conformability. These sensors can be damaged if they are attached to the surface of the textile, also affecting the textiles' aesthetics and feel. We investigate the effect of embedding flexible temperature sensors within textile yarns, which adds a layer of protection to the sensor. Industrial yarn manufacturing techniques including knit braiding, braiding, and double covering were utilised to identify an appropriate incorporation technique. The thermal time constants recorded by all three sensing yarns was <10 s. Simultaneously, effective sensitivity only decreased by a maximum of 14% compared to the uncovered sensor. This is due to the sensor being positioned within the yarn instead of being in direct contact with the measured surface. These sensor yarns were not affected by bending and produced repeatable measurements. The double covering method was observed to have the least impact on the sensors' performance due to the yarn's smaller dimensions. Finally, a sensing yarn was incorporated in an armband and used to measure changes in skin temperature. The demonstrated textile integration techniques for flexible sensors using industrial yarn manufacturing processes enable large-scale smart textile fabrication.

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Section: Response Time Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Temperature Sensor Integration into E-Textiles Using Different Industrial Yarn Fabrication Processes

Lugoda

Costa

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…To date, some researches on skin‐attachable temperature sensors were reported, in which different kinds of materials, including metal nanoparticles/nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polymers (such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)),[5a,10,12,14] and others, have been explored as temperature sensing materials. Among various materials, graphene and its derivatives are wildly applied in temperature sensors owing to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High‐Performances Flexible Temperature Sensor Composed of Polyethyleneimine/Reduced Graphene Oxide Bilayer for Real‐Time Monitoring

Liu

Tai

Yuan

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

118

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sensor with enough sensitivity, accuracy, and durability which can realize real-time and long-term temperature monitoring is strongly desired.To date, some researches on skinattachable temperature sensors were reported, in which different kinds of materials, including metal nanoparticles/ nanowires, [4,5] graphene, [6][7][8][9][10] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [11][12][13] polymers (such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)), [5a,10,12,14] and others, have been explored as temperature sensing materials. Among various materials, graphene and its derivatives are wildly applied in temperature sensors owing to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties. [15] However, the sensitivities of bare graphene or its derivatives based temperature sensors are unsatisfactory and generally no more than 1.00% °C −1 . [6,7,9,16,17] In order to obtain superior sensitivity and flexibility of temperature sensor, graphene and its derivatives were composited with other materials, such as PEDOT:PSS, [10] polyurethane (PU), [18] CNTs, [19] polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), [8b] and cellulose. [20] According to the studies of graphene composite temperature sensor, the maximum sensitivity can achieve ≈1.34% °C −1 , while the highest accuracy can only reach 0.2 °C, still existing a gap to monitor human skin temperature, and the linearity and durability still remain to be improved for the practical use. [18] Additionally, the fabrication complexity was also largely increased by the composite process.Herein, a skin-attachable flexible temperature sensor with high sensitivity and durability was developed on polyimide (PI) substrate through a facile spray-dipping method. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) and bare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used as the adhesive and temperature sensing material, respectively, without any composite involved. The spectroscopy properties of the sensing film were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the morphology was obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 1.30% °C −1 between 25 and 45 °C, which is closely approximate to the graphene composites temperature sensor. Specially, the sensor can detect the very tiny temperature change of 0.1 °C and showed excellent durability (120 d), satisfying the demands The temperature sensors are urgently required for real-time temperature monitoring in healthcare, disease diagnosis, and other areas. In this work, a skin-attachable flexible temperature sensor composed of polyethyleneimine/ reduced graphene oxide bilayer is developed on polyimide substrate by a facile spray-dipping process. The spectroscopy properties of sensing films are examined and analyzed in details and demonstrated the partial reduction of graphene oxide film. The prepared sensor exhibits high sensitivity (1.30% °C −1 ), linearity (R 2 = 0.999), accuracy (0.1 °C), and durability (60 d) for temperature sensing ...

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“…This section gives a short overview of the most common four classes of materials used for the construction of disposable sensors: i) standard materials for micro‐ and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS—also known as microsystems technology and NEMS), ii) synthetic polymers, iii) cellulose‐based, and iv) hybrid materials. We focus on sustainability (recyclable, biodegradable, or even compostable), fields of application, flexibility, cost, and other material properties (stretchability, transparency, etc.). A summary of advantages and limitations of some of the most important materials for disposable sensors is presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Materials For Disposable Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable Sensors in Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring

et al. 2019

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Disposable sensors are low‐cost and easy‐to‐use sensing devices intended for short‐term or rapid single‐point measurements. The growing demand for fast, accessible, and reliable information in a vastly connected world makes disposable sensors increasingly important. The areas of application for such devices are numerous, ranging from pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, forensic, and food sciences to wearables and clinical diagnostics, especially in resource‐limited settings. The capabilities of disposable sensors can extend beyond measuring traditional physical quantities (for example, temperature or pressure); they can provide critical chemical and biological information (chemo‐ and biosensors) that can be digitized and made available to users and centralized/decentralized facilities for data storage, remotely. These features could pave the way for new classes of low‐cost systems for health, food, and environmental monitoring that can democratize sensing across the globe. Here, a brief insight into the materials and basics of sensors (methods of transduction, molecular recognition, and amplification) is provided followed by a comprehensive and critical overview of the disposable sensors currently used for medical diagnostics, food, and environmental analysis. Finally, views on how the field of disposable sensing devices will continue its evolution are discussed, including the future trends, challenges, and opportunities.

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Biodegradable and Highly Deformable Temperature Sensors for the Internet of Things

Cited by 195 publications

References 49 publications

Flexible Temperature Sensor Integration into E-Textiles Using Different Industrial Yarn Fabrication Processes

Flexible Temperature Sensor Integration into E-Textiles Using Different Industrial Yarn Fabrication Processes

A High‐Performances Flexible Temperature Sensor Composed of Polyethyleneimine/Reduced Graphene Oxide Bilayer for Real‐Time Monitoring

Disposable Sensors in Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring

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