Biocontrol potential of mycogenic copper oxide nanoparticles against Alternaria brassicae

Abstract

The biological synthesis of nanoparticles using fungal cultures is a promising and novel tool in nano-biotechnology. The potential culture of Trichoderma asperellum (T. asperellum) has been used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in the current study. The necrotrophic infection in Brassica species is caused due to a foliar pathogen Alternaria brassicae (A. brassicae). Mycogenic copper oxide nanoparticles (M-CuO NPs) were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antifungal potential of CuO NPs was studied against A. brassicae. M-CuO NPs exhibited a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 303 nm, and XRD confirmed the crystalline phase of NPs. FTIR spectra confirmed the stretching of amide bonds, and the carbonyl bond indicated the presence of enzymes in T. asperellum filtrate. SEM and TEM confirmed the spherical shape of M-CuO NPs with an average size of 22 nm. Significant antifungal potential of M-CuO NPs was recorded, as it inhibited the growth of A. brassicae up to 92.9% and 80.3% in supplemented media with C-CuO NPs at 200 ppm dose. Mancozeb and propiconazole inhibited the radial growth up to 38.7% and 44.2%. SEM confirmed the morphological changes in hyphae and affected the sporulation pattern. TEM revealed hardly recognizable organelles, abnormal cytoplasmic distribution, and increased vacuolization, and light microscopy confirmed the conidia with reduced diameter and fewer septa after treatment with both types of NPs. Thus, M-CuO NPs served as a promising alternative to fungicides.

Penicilloneines A and B, Quinolone–Citrinin Hybrids from a Starfish-Derived Penicillium sp.

“…These findings suggest that both compounds may share a similar mechanism of action in their antifungal effects (Figure S10). 24 To further reveal the molecular mechanism of compound 1induced mycelial growth inhibition, an RNA-sequencing technique was used to measure the transcriptome levels of C. gloeosporioides after treatment with compound 1. After treatment, the total RNA was extracted for RNA-Seq.…”

Myco-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using harnessing metabolites of endophytic fungal strain Aspergillus terreus: an insight into antibacterial, anti-Candida, biocompatibility, anticancer, and antioxidant activities

“…In a similar study, the sizes of CuO-NPs synthesized by endophytic fungal strain A. terreus isolated from Aegle marmelosa was less than 100 nm [ 14 ]. Also, spherical CuO-NPs were fabricated using cell-free filtrate of fungal strain Trichoderma asperellum with an average size of 22 nm [ 21 ]. As reported previously, the activity of nanomaterials is dependent on shape and size.…”

“…This has further increased interest in investigating their potential therapeutic applications including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities to lead to the development of novel and effective treatments for a variety of diseases. Different fungal strains were used to fabricate CuO-NPs such as Stereum hirsutum [ 18 ], Trichoderma harzianum [ 13 ], Trichoderma asperellum [ 21 ], Fusarium oxysporum [ 22 ], Aspergillus terreus [ 14 ], Aspergillus fumigatus [ 23 ], and Aspergillus terreus [ 24 ].…”

Interaction studies of Serendipita indica and Zhihengliuella sp. ISTPL4 and their synergistic role in growth promotion in rice

“…Pellets were then dissolved in 0.1% filter-sterilized silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solution and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. Samples were then gradually dehydrated in graded series of ethanol (30%–90%) for 15 minutes ( Gaba et al., 2022 ). The final step was performed thrice in 100% ethanol for 5 minutes each.…”