Myco-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using harnessing metabolites of endophytic fungal strain Aspergillus terreus: an insight into antibacterial, anti-Candida, biocompatibility, anticancer, and antioxidant activities

Abstract

Background The overuse of antibiotics leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes which causes high mortality worldwide. Therefore, the synthesis of new active compounds has multifunctional activities are the main challenge. Nanotechnology provides a solution for this issue. Method The endophytic fungal strain Aspergillus terreus BR.1 was isolated from the healthy root of Allium sativum and identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. The copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were synthesized by harnessing the metabolites of the endophytic fungal strain. The UV-Visble spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission electron micrscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential (ζ) were used for the characterization of synthesized CuO-NPs. The activity against different pathogenic bacteria and Candida species were investigated by agar well-diffusion method. The biocombatibility and anticancer activity were assessed by MTT assay method. The scavenging of DPPH was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of synthesized CuO-NPs. Results Data showed the successful formation of crystalline nature and spherical shape CuO-NPs with sizes in the ranges of 15–55 nm. The EDX reveals that the as-formed sample contains ions of C, O, Cl, and Cu with weight percentages of 18.7, 23.82, 11.31, and 46.17%, respectively. The DLS and ζ-potential showed high homogeneity and high stability of synthesized CuO-NPs with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.362 and ζ-value of − 26.6 mV. The synthesized CuO-NPs exhibited promising antibacterial and anti-Candida activity (concentration-dependent) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the ranges of 25–50 µg mL–1. Moreover, the fungal mediated-CuO-NPs targeted cancer cells of MCF7 and PC3 at low IC50 concentrations of 159.2 ± 4.5 and 116.2 ± 3.6 µg mL–1, respectively as compared to normal cells (Vero and Wi38 with IC50 value of 220.6 ± 3.7 and 229.5 ± 2.1 µg mL–1, respectively). The biosynthesized CuO-NPs showed antioxidant activity as detected by the DPPH method with scavenging percentages of 80.5 ± 1.2% at a concentration of 1000 µg mL–1 and decreased to 20.4 ± 4.2% at 1.9 µg mL–1 as compared to ascorbic acid (control) with scavenging activity of 97.3 ± 0.2 and 37.5 ± 1.3% at the same concentrations, respectively. Conclusion The fungal mediated-CuO-NPs exhibited promising activity and can be integrated into various biomedical and theraputic applications.

Exploring the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiviral Potential of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Aqueous Extract of Portulaca oleracea L.

“…Therefore, finding new antioxidant molecules is vital in the development of new treatments and new strategies to prevent these diseases. NPs are candidates as promising antioxidant compounds due to their uncommon physicochemical features, such as small sizes and the ratio between their surface and volume, which improve their activity and enhance their interaction with biological systems to scavenge free radicals [ 32 , 56 ]. In this investigation, two methods, namely DPPH and H 2 O 2 assay methods, were used to evaluate the efficacy of green synthesized Ag-NPs in scavenging the free radicals ( Figure 5 ), the antioxidant capacity of Ag-NPs was concentration-dependent, the activity was increased with high NP concentration and vice versa [ 17 ].…”

Synthesis, Optimization, and Characterization of Cellulase Enzyme Obtained from Thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis F3: An Insight into Cotton Fabric Polishing Activity

“…Additional other metals (Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Hg 2+ ) exert an adverse impact on the activity of cellulase. This occurs as a consequence of these metals disrupting the enzyme's structural integrity, perturbing crucial interactions, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative harm, and subsequently resulting in enzyme deactivation [ 64 ]. In a similar study, the activity of purified cellulase enzyme secreted by bacteria strain B. sphaericus CE-3 was enhanced in the presence of Mn 2+ ion, whereas it was inhibited by other metals including Ba 2+ , Co 2+ , Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Fe 2+ [ 65 ].…”