Bioconcentration of Hydrophobic Chemicals in Fish: Relationship With Membrane Permeation

Gobas, Frank A.P.C.; Opperhuizen, A.; Hutzinger, O.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1986)5[637:bohcif]2.0.co;2

Cited by 60 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…The uptake rate constants k in fitted to the measured internal concentrations of fluorene, fluoranthene and naphthalene were generally constant with increasing log K OW , whereas the elimination rate constants k out fitted to the measured internal concentrations were inversely related to the log K OW . These findings are in agreement with the literature for the described log K OW range of 3 to 6 . These results confirm the independence of the rate constants from the concentrations tested and verify the assumption made for the 1‐compartment model.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

The internal concentration of organic substances in fish embryos—A toxicokinetic approach

Kühnert

Vogs

Altenburger

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In ecotoxicity assessment, the ambient exposure concentration is typically applied to quantify the toxic potential of xenobiotic substances. However, exposure and organism-related differences in bioconcentration often cause a considerable variability of toxicity data. This can be minimized by using the internal organism concentration, because toxicokinetic modifying factors are considered implicitly. In the present study, the relationship between ambient and internal concentration-time profiles was investigated for zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The aim was to gain a better understanding and interpretation of exposure-based methods using this model organism. For this purpose, a simple and effective approach to determine the internal concentration was developed. Embryos were exposed to a series of 4 neutral organic substances (naphthalene, fluorene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene) of different hydrophobicity for 72 h. The internal and ambient concentrations were measured at 8 to 9 time points. Kinetics of uptake and elimination were modeled using a first-order 1-compartment model. Biotransformation processes appeared to influence the internal concentrations of fluoranthene and benz[a]anthracene after 48 h. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) obtained are in excellent agreement with those determined in previous studies using radiolabeled substances. The method demonstrated in the present study is a further step toward a refined ecotoxicity assessment using fish embryos, which links toxicity to the chemical concentration within the organism. This system may also be considered as an alternative to animal testing for BCF determination.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

The internal concentration of organic substances in fish embryos—A toxicokinetic approach

Kühnert

Vogs

Altenburger

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…3), and the lowest depuration rate of all was observed for PCB 153. The depuration rates obtained for the PCBs in the present study are in agreement with depuration data for mussels reported by others (e.g., [14,29,30]) and is consistent with the general assumption that depuration rates of hydrophobic substances are inversely related to log K ow (e.g., [31]). However, the PBDEs deviate from this expected pattern and, instead of decreasing with increased K ow , the depuration rates for PBDEs appear to be independent of K ow .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Bioaccumulation kinetics of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

Gustafsson

Björk

Burreau

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

148

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Baltic Sea blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, IUPAC congeners 47, 99, and 153) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, congeners 31, 52, 77, 118, and 153) in a flow‐through experimental setup for 44 d. After the exposure phase, the mussels were allowed to depurate in natural brackish water for 26 d. After analyses, uptake clearance rate coefficients (ku), depuration rate coefficients (kd), and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated. A rapid uptake of all PBDEs and PCBs was observed, especially for PBDE congeners 47 and 99 (ku 120 and 170 L/day/g dry weight, respectively). The depuration rate decreased with increasing hydrophobicity as expected for the PCBs, but for the PBDEs, depuration rate coefficients appeared to be of the same magnitude for all three congeners independently of log Kow. The BAFs obtained for PBDE 47 and PBDE 99 (1.3 × 106 and 1.4 × 106 ml/g dry weight, respectively) were higher than for all other substances in the study, severalfold higher than for PCBs of similar hydrophobicity. The presented data indicate that the bioaccumulation potential of PBDEs, extensively used as flame retardants, is similar or higher than that of PCBs for filter feeding organisms such as blue mussels.

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“…30,31,63,66 The slower elimination of hydrophilic molecules can be explained by the impaired transport across hydrophobic cell membranes, although their intracellular mobility is increased. 67 Biotransformation kinetics of organic compounds in gammarids differ widely among compounds. Ashauer et al (2012) 30 have observed that biotransformation dominated toxicokinetics (log K ow of the 15 studied compounds from 0.33 to 5.18).…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Biotransformation Influences Toxicokinetics of Azole Fungicides in the Aquatic Invertebrate Gammarus pulex

Rösch

Anliker

Hollender

2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Biotransformation is a key process that can greatly influence the bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of organic compounds. In this study, biotransformation of seven frequently used azole fungicides (triazoles: cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, fluconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole and imidazoles: ketoconazole, prochloraz) was investigated in the aquatic invertebrate Gammarus pulex in a 24 h exposure experiment. Additionally, temporal trends of the whole body internal concentrations of epoxiconazole, prochloraz, and their respective biotransformation products (BTPs) were studied to gain insight into toxicokinetic processes such as uptake, elimination and biotransformation. By the use of high resolution tandem mass spectrometry in total 37 BTPs were identified. Between one (ketoconazole) and six (epoxiconazole) BTPs were identified per parent compound except for prochloraz, which showed extensive biotransformation reactions with 18 BTPs detected that were mainly formed through ring cleavage or ring loss. In general, most BTPs were formed by oxidation and conjugation reactions. Ring loss or ring cleavage was only observed for the imidazoles as expected from the general mechanism of oxidative ring openings of imidazoles, likely affecting the bioactivity of these BTPs. Overall, internal concentrations of BTPs were up to 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the corresponding parent compound. Thus, biotransformation did not dominate toxicokinetics and only played a minor role in elimination of the respective parent compound, with the exception of prochloraz.

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Bioconcentration of Hydrophobic Chemicals in Fish: Relationship With Membrane Permeation

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

The internal concentration of organic substances in fish embryos—A toxicokinetic approach

The internal concentration of organic substances in fish embryos—A toxicokinetic approach

Bioaccumulation kinetics of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

How Biotransformation Influences Toxicokinetics of Azole Fungicides in the Aquatic Invertebrate Gammarus pulex

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