Bioconcentration and depuration of endosulfan sulfate in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis)

Uptake and depuration of pharmaceuticals in reclaimed water by mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki): A worst‐case, multiple‐exposure scenario

“…Most aquatic monitoring studies designed to simulate exposure under environmentally relevant concentrations have been performed in artificially clean matrices [7,[11][12][13], often with exposure concentrations still higher than those that would be found under natural conditions by 1 or more orders of magnitude [11,13]. Although this approach maximizes the chances of quantifying any compounds that might accumulate with confidence, results are often not in All Supplemental Data may be found in the online version of this article.…”

“…In addition, pharmacokinetic data describing the uptake and depuration of pharmaceuticals by aquatic species are extremely limited compared with those in mammals [7,11]; thus, it is important to study the uptake and depuration rates in systems that may represent worst-case exposure without compromising the environmental relevance [6]. Most aquatic monitoring studies designed to simulate exposure under environmentally relevant concentrations have been performed in artificially clean matrices [7,[11][12][13], often with exposure concentrations still higher than those that would be found under natural conditions by 1 or more orders of magnitude [11,13]. Although this approach maximizes the chances of quantifying any compounds that might accumulate with confidence, results are often not in good agreement with those from the field [7,11,12].…”

Assessment of the Occurrence and Potential Risks of Pharmaceuticals and their Metabolites in Fish and Water Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

“…Most aquatic monitoring studies designed to simulate exposure under environmentally relevant concentrations were performed in artificially clean matrices (Nakamura et al 2008;Paterson and Metcalfe 2008;Hoang et al 2011;Meredith-Williams et al 2012), often with exposure concentrations still higher than those would be found under natural conditions by one or more orders of magnitude (Paterson and Metcalfe 2008;Hoang et al 2011). Although this approach maximizes the chances of quantifying any compounds that might accumulate with confidence, results are often not in good agreement with those from the field (Nakamura et al 2008;Paterson and Metcalfe 2008;MeredithWilliams et al 2012).…”

“…For comparison, the uptake was also analyzed using the Michaelis-Menten kinetics model (Hoang et al 2011).…”

Assessment of the sublethal toxicity of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Therefore, there is an urgent demand for studies that can correlate the effects of this xenobiotic in fish. [10][11][12][13] The use of biochemical biomarkers of environmental contamination allows a sensitive assessment of the xenobiotic effects in aquatic organisms in order to detect early alterations in the environment prior to any irreversible harm being caused to the ecosystem. [14][15] The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system is one of the biochemical biomarkers induced by organic lipophilic compounds such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbonates (HAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxines (PCDDs) among others.…”