Biocompatible calcium phosphate based tubes

Abstract

Porous anodic alumina template has been employed, in the presence of a precipitation reaction involving Ca(OH) 2 and H 3 PO 4 , to form calcium phosphate based tubular structures. These structures are amorphous in nature and can be recovered by etching the sacrificial alumina membrane. Full characterization of these structures has been done using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and FTIR. In addition, their biocompatibility has been tested on L929 mouse fibroblast cells using MTT assay and the cellular internalization of these nanotubes has also been evaluated using rhodamine 6G dye tagged nanotubes in the presence of fibroblast cells. The studies also suggest that the nanotubes are non-toxic to fibroblasts and can be taken up easily by mammalian cells. Such tubes may serve as vehicles for drugs and growth factors, and for tissue repair including bone regeneration.

A nanoparticulate injectable hydrogel as a tissue engineering scaffold for multiple growth factor delivery for bone regeneration

“…For achieving mechanical strengths similar to that of cancellous bone, calcium phosphate nanotubes or nanohydroxyapatite crystals may be incorporated within the hydrogel system. Chandanshive et al 28 report synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphate nanotubes that have shown excellent biocompatibility and cellular uptake. Internalization of nanotubes within L929 cells have proven the biomaterial to be an effective carrier system that could be incorporated into the hydrogel system for growth factor delivery.…”

“…Internalization of nanotubes within L929 cells have proven the biomaterial to be an effective carrier system that could be incorporated into the hydrogel system for growth factor delivery. 28 To conclude, the nanoparticulate gellan xanthan gel incorporating chitosan nanoparticles serves as a platform technology which is a minimally invasive, injectable scaffold with appropriate growth factor delivery over weeks to facilitate cellular differentiation.…”

“…The MTT assay for cell viability was completed on day 2 to check for the percentage of viable cells. 28 A similar protocol was followed for the osteoblasts using 50,000 cells per well. The MTT assay was performed after 48 hours for the osteoblasts and was expressed as the percentage of viable cells.…”

Calcium Orthophosphate-Based Bioceramics

“…From the material point of view, the major research topics include nanodimensional and nanocrystalline structures [822,823,824], amorphous compounds [825], organic-inorganic biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials [353], biphasic, triphasic and multiphasic formulations [121], as well as various types of structures, forms and shapes. The latter comprise fibers, whiskers and filaments [241,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839], macro-, micro- and nano-sized spheres, beads and granules [839,840,841,842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856], micro- and nano-sized tubes [857,858,859,860], porous 3D scaffolds made of ACP [481,653,861], TCP [86,89,161,528,529,862], HA [167,455,456,498,530,531,532…”

Medical Application of Calcium Orthophosphate Bioceramics

“…From the chemical point of view, the developments include synthesis of novel ion-substituted calcium orthophosphates . From the material point of view, the major research topics include nanodimensional and nanocrystalline structures [704][705][706][707][708], organic-inorganic biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials [316], fibers, whiskers and filaments [709][710][711][712][713][714][715][716][717][718][719][720][721][722], micro-and nano-sized spheres and beads [722][723][724][725][726][727][728][729][730][731][732][733][734][735][736][737], micro-and nano-sized tubes [738][739][740], porous 3D scaffolds made of ACP [462,598], TCP [432][433][434][435], HA [176,…”