Biocompatible and biodegradable chitin-based hydrogels crosslinked by BDDE with excellent mechanical properties for effective prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesion

Prevention strategies of postoperative adhesion in soft tissues by applying biomaterials: Based on the mechanisms of occurrence and development of adhesions

“…Various biomaterials, such as chitosan and derivative [ 179 ], hyaluronic acid(HA) [ 180 , 181 ], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [ 182 , 183 ], gelatin [ 184 ], dextran (DEX) and derivative [ 185 ], PEO [ 186 ], and etc., have been prepared into hydrogels and demonstrated their efficiency in reducing POA. However, some extent of adhesion could still be founded because of their low mechanical strength.…”

Hemoadhican-Based Bioabsorbable Hydrogel for Preventing Postoperative Adhesions

“…From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was observed that HD and HD-based cross-linked hydrogels generally exhibited two stages of weight loss (Figure S2). The initial weight loss occurred at approximately 100 °C, which was attributed to the evaporation of water molecules that were initially bound to the HD polysaccharide. , The weight loss between 200 and 350 °C reflected the thermal stability at high temperatures. Similarly, the maximum thermal degradation temperatures of HD-L and HD-H hydrogels changed compared with those of the native polysaccharide.…”

“…The in vivo degradation and biocompatibility of the HD hydrogel were evaluated through dorsal subcutaneous implantation in C57BL/6 mice. , 200 μL of sterilized hydrogels was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal side of mice using a 27-gauge needle. At predetermined time points after implantation, the mice were euthanized.…”

Antifouling and Injectable Granular Hydrogel for the Prevention of Postoperative Intrauterine Adhesion

“…Currently, the FDA-approved products for antiadhesion are mainly physical films, such as Seprafilm, Interceed, and Gore-tex. , Although with a certain therapeutic effect, these strategies still face their own problems. Due to the lower strength of Seprafilm in hysteroscopic surgery, it is more suitable for open surgery with more complexity and more severe wounds. − The adhesion of Interceed to the tissue is significantly reduced due to the residual blood or tissue fluid on the surface of the tissue; thus, thorough hemostasis and cleaning are required during the operation. , Due to its nonadhesive properties, Gore-tex requires an effective suturing to be positioned on the injured tissue surface, which also increases the complexity of surgery, especially hysteroscopic surgery. , Moreover, unlike the other two products that can be cleared or degraded, Gore-tex needs to be removed through a second surgery, which also increases the suffering of the patient. , In addition, the current film products are difficult to form conformal barriers on irregular surfaces of the human uterine cavity.…”

“…15−17 The adhesion of Interceed to the tissue is significantly reduced due to the residual blood or tissue fluid on the surface of the tissue; thus, thorough hemostasis and cleaning are required during the operation. 18,19 Due to its nonadhesive properties, Gore-tex requires an effective suturing to be positioned on the injured tissue surface, which also increases the complexity of surgery, especially hysteroscopic surgery. 20,21 Moreover, unlike the other two products that can be cleared or degraded, Gore-tex needs to be removed through a second surgery, which also increases the suffering of the patient.…”