Biocompatibility testing of polymers: <i>In vivo</i> implantation studies

Gourlay, S.; Rice, Robert M.; Hegyeli, Andrew F.; Wade, Clarence W. R.; Dillon, J. G.; Jaffe, Howard; Kulkarni, R. K.

doi:10.1002/jbm.820120207

Cited by 83 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Local inflammatory reaction assessed after implanting polymers can be divided into three main phases: acute (0-7 days), subacute (7-28 days), and chronic (>28 days). 46 What is seen in general are polymorphonuclear leukocytes manifesting in early inflammation, attracted by chemokines released by damaged cells. 48 In the subacute phase, monocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts predominate, leading to the formation of a dense fibrous tissue, mainly consisting of fibroblasts and collagen matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell counts 44 and adapted from earlier studies. [45][46][47] Briefly, capsular thickness, cellular response and cell type repartitions were evaluated, and scores from 0 to 5þ were attributed according to the criteria given in Table I. An overall rating was obtained using weighting factors (53 for the capsular thickness, 33 for the cellular response observed in the capsule, 53 for the neutrophils, 23 for the FBGCs, 13 for the lymphocytes, 13 for macrophages, and 13 for the fibroblasts).…”

Section: Histological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repair of critical size defects in the rat cranium using ceramic‐reinforced PLA scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming

Montjovent

Mathieu

Schmoekel

et al. 2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Bioresorbable scaffolds made of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) obtained by supercritical gas foaming were recently described as suitable for tissue engineering, portraying biocompatibility with primary osteoblasts in vitro and interesting mechanical properties when reinforced with ceramics. The behavior of such constructs remained to be evaluated in vivo and therefore the present study was undertaken to compare different PLA/ceramic composite scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming in a critical size defect craniotomy model in Sprague-Dawley rats. The host-tissue reaction to the implants was evaluated semiquantitatively and similar tendencies were noted for all graft substitutes: initially highly reactive but decreasing with time implanted. Complete bonebridging was observed 18 weeks after implantation with PLA/ 5 wt % b-TCP (PLA/TCP) and PLA/5 wt % HA (PLA/HA) scaffolds as assessed by histology and radiography. We show here for the first time that this solvent-free technique provides a promising approach in tissue engineering demonstrating both the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the processed structures in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of critical size defects in the rat cranium using ceramic‐reinforced PLA scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming

Montjovent

Mathieu

Schmoekel

et al. 2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…5,7,10 While this approach works well for the evaluation of nondegradable materials, with degradable materials having different degradation rates, the use of a preselected time scale can be problematic. [11][12][13] When evaluating degradable polymers with different degradation rates, comparative studies with preset time points can overlook changes in the tissue response that occur due to specific events associated with the degradation and/or resorption of the implant. For example, in several studies, the onset of mass loss from PLLA implants has been associated with the onset of bone resorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative histological evaluation of new tyrosine-derived polymers and poly (L-lactic acid) as a function of polymer degradation

Hooper

Macon

Kohn

1998

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Previous studies demonstrated that poly(DTE carbonate) and poly (DTE adipate), two tyrosine-derived polymers, have suitable properties for use in biomedical applications. This study reports the evaluation of the in vivo tissue response to these polymers in comparison to poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). Typically, the biocompatibility of a material is determined through histological evaluations as a function of implantation time in a suitable animal model. However, due to changes that can occur in the tissue response at different stages of the degradation process, a fixed set of time points is not ideal for comparative evaluations of materials having different rates of degradation. Therefore the tissue response elicited by poly(DTE carbonate), poly(DTE adipate), and PLLA was evaluated as a function of molecular weight. This allowed the tissue response to be compared at corresponding stages of degradation. Poly(DTE adipate) consistently elicited the mildest tissue response, as judged by the width and lack of cellularity of the fibrous capsule formed around the implant. The tissue response to poly(DTE carbonate) was mild throughout the 570 day study. However, the response to PLLA fluctuated as a function of the degree of degradation, exhibiting an increase in the intensity of inflammation as the implant began to lose mass. At the completion of the study, tissue ingrowth into the degrading and disintegrating poly(DTE adipate) implant was evident while no comparative ingrowth of tissue was seen for PLLA. The similarity of the in vivo and in vitro degradation rates of each polymer confirmed the absence of enzymatic involvement in the degradation process. A comparison of molecular weight retention, water uptake, and mass loss in vivo with two commonly used in vitro systems [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF)] demonstrated that for the two tyrosine-derived polymers the in vivo results were equally well simulated in vitro with PBS and SBF. However, for PLLA the in vivo results were better simulated in vitro using PBS.

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“…This observation is in conjugation with previous reports on implant matrices where the hydrophilicity of polymer was directly correlated with increased implant erosion and drug diffusion. 38 CIP release from all implant formulations was monitered over 90 days time period. With PR, the percent drug release was almost similar with a difference of about 5%, 8%, and 10% at the end of 30, 60, and 90 days respectively between 20% and 40% CIP implants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biopolymers as Implant Matrix for the Deliveryof Ciprofloxacin: Biocompatibility, Degradation, and In Vitro Antibiotic Release

Fulzele

Satturwar

Dorle

2007

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Biocompatibility testing of polymers: In vivo implantation studies

Cited by 83 publications

References 23 publications

Repair of critical size defects in the rat cranium using ceramic‐reinforced PLA scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming

Repair of critical size defects in the rat cranium using ceramic‐reinforced PLA scaffolds obtained by supercritical gas foaming

Comparative histological evaluation of new tyrosine-derived polymers and poly (L-lactic acid) as a function of polymer degradation

Novel Biopolymers as Implant Matrix for the Deliveryof Ciprofloxacin: Biocompatibility, Degradation, and In Vitro Antibiotic Release

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