Biocompatibility of subcutaneously implanted marine macromolecules cross-linked bio-composite scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications

Abstract

There is an intense interest in developing innovative biomaterials which support the invasion and proliferation of living cells for potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Present study demonstrated the in vivo biocompatibility and toxicity of a macromolecules cross-linked biocomposite scaffold composed of hydroxyapatite, alginate, chitosan and fucoidan abbreviated as HACF. The in vivo biocompatibility and toxicity of HACF scaffold were tested by comparing them with those of a biocompatible surgical metal implant (SMI) in a subcutaneous rat model. Following the implantation, animals were sacrificed and the scaffolds were resected at 1st, 4th, and 8th weeks; the surrounding tissue along with the implant was removed to evaluate its biocompatibility. The effects of implanted biomaterial scaffolds on vital organ systems such as liver, kidney, etc., have been studied by hematology and serum biochemistry. The activities of pro-inflammatory marker enzymes such as COX, 5-LOX, 15-LOX, and NOS were normal in rats implanted with HACF scaffold. Hematological parameters, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status were also found to be normal in implanted rats same as that of control and SMI. The modulatory effect of implanted scaffold over inflammatory and stress signaling cascades were confirmed by the normalized mRNA expressions of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6. The histopathological analysis of liver, kidney and tissue support our results. Taken together, these results demonstrated that HACF biocomposite scaffold signifies its suitability for further research as a scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering applications.

Electrospun Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanofibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles: Novel Approach in Anti-Infective Therapy

“…The progression of events in inflammation and the foreign body response require the extravasation and migration of macrophages to the implant site, which produces and releases platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [43]. In our study, the NanoAg covering of PET materials reduced TNF-α expression and consequently reduced inflammation and foreign body response at the implantation site [49,50].…”

Development and biocompatibility of the injectable collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds as in situ forming hydrogel for the hard tissue engineering application

“…Biocompatibility is the first and important criterion for the scaffolds and demonstrates the ability of the scaffold to perform its application without immune system response [18]. Subcutaneous implantation of the scaffold is considered as the first step in evaluating the biocompatibility [18,19]. In the current study, the researchers aimed to develop a novel combination of the injectable PCL-PEG-PCL-Col/nHA hydrogels and evaluating some features such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and biodegradability in vivo.…”

Challenges for the Implantation of Symbiotic Nanostructured Medical Devices

“…In many reports, the duration of implantation of membrane materials has been too short to evaluate the long-term application for designing an implanted biofuel cell. For example, a macromolecule cross-linked biocomposite scaffold composed of hydroxyapatite, alginate, chitosan, and fucoidan was only assessed for a maximum of eight weeks when implanted in a rat [34]. Another potentially interesting membrane that was formed from alkyl cross-linking of chitosan was only tested for seven weeks implanted in rats [35].…”