Biocompatibility of dental alloys used in dental fixed prosthodontics

Abstract

Many different types of alloys are now available in the market to be used for dental restorations and fixed prostheses. The common criterion for all these fixed prosthodontic materials is the permanent existence of them in the oral cavity for prolonged time without the ability to be removed by the patient. Therefore, knowledge about the biocompatibility of dental alloys is of great importance. This article presents a literature review on the biocompatibility of dental alloys. A PubMed database search was conducted for studies pertaining to the biocompatibility of dental alloys. The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English between 1985 and 2013. Available data revealed that substances are released from alloys into the surrounding tissues; mainly nickel, zinc, and copper. Some alloys such as nickelechromium alloy have shown to be cytotoxic in vitro. Also, elements released from gold alloy showed in vitro cytotoxic effect. Therefore, clinicians should give up assuming that gold alloy is completely inert and biocompatible with oral tissues. The clinical relevance of these findings remains unclear. Further in vitro studies, as well as controlled clinical trials, are needed due to possible exceptions.

Subchronic Systemic Toxicity of New Endodontic Material Based on Calcium Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Silicates

“…e morphometric analysis of the liver tissue pointed out the absence of a mild inflammatory reaction in the portal areas of liver in the control and experimental groups, which indicates that there was no significant damage to the liver [1,13,23,24]. Also, the absence of degenerative changes in the biliary ductal epithelium and the rare, mild, and moderate necrosis confirmed that ALBO-MPSA had very low and insignificant impact on the liver tissue [25][26][27].…”

Cell death affected by dental alloys: Modes and mechanisms

“…Two types of cells are used: permanent cell lines derived from type-culture collections (L929 mouse fibroblasts) or primary cells derived from gingival or mucosal explants and established in each individual laboratory. Permanent cell lines are well defined and generally available and also appear to be more stable and reproductive compared with primary cell lines 11) . Therefore, L929 mouse fibroblast cell line was investigated.…”

Bonding of Dental Ceramics to Titanium: Processing and Conditioning Aspects

“…However, the increasing number of reported adverse reactions to these alloys is causing concern. Base metals exhibit poor biocompatibility, considerable allergenic potential and low corrosion resistance [4][5][6]. Furthermore, the long assumed complete inertness and biocompatibility of gold alloys have been compromised by reports of contact allergic reactions and released alloy elements, with in vitro cytotoxic effects [6][7][8].…”