Biocompatibility of chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with osteoblast cells

Abstract

Background: Bone disorders (including osteoporosis, loosening of a prosthesis, and bone infections) are of great concern to the medical community and are difficult to cure. Therapies are available to treat such diseases, but all have drawbacks and are not specifically targeted to the site of disease. Chitosan is widely used in the biomedical community, including for orthopedic applications. The aim of the present study was to coat chitosan onto iron oxide nanoparticles and to determine its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, zeta potential, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Uptake of nanoparticles by osteoblasts was studied by transmission electron microscopy and Prussian blue staining. Viability and proliferation of osteoblasts were measured in the presence of uncoated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles or those coated with chitosan. Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein synthesis, and extracellular calcium deposition was studied in the presence of the nanoparticles. Results: Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles enhanced osteoblast proliferation, decreased cell membrane damage, and promoted cell differentiation, as indicated by an increase in alkaline phosphatase and extracellular calcium deposition. Chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles showed good compatibility with osteoblasts. Conclusion: Further research is necessary to optimize magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment of bone disease.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Nanocarrier for Cancer Therapy: Taguchi Orthogonal Array Based Design

“…The mainstream of the other drug delivery nanocarriers employed for the same function would not readily gain admittance to tumors from the vasculature, owing to their larger diameters (between 100 and 300 nm), which is too large to cross vascular pores [14, 18]. Hybrid nanocarriers formulated by us are of size range ≈ 50 nm and hence can get entrance through pores in the vasculature and infuse tumor cells directly [15, 16]. Hence, the major objective of this work was to robustly generate positively charged nanocarrier with size range of <100 nm, so as to attain high intratumoral delivery of anticancer drug by engaging EPR benefit as well as charge-based interactions [48].…”

“…administration [15, 16]. Albumin-based nanocarrier (ANC) represents an attractive strategy, since a significant amount of bioactive can be incorporated into the nanocarriers because of the different drug binding sites present in it.…”

“…Similarly Anhorn et al have also been successful in developing the albumin nanoparticles of approximately 150 nm in size [18] and it was suggested therein to explore strategies to develop nanoparticles of small size range. Also, albumin nanocarriers are negatively charged [14, 18] and hence mandate their surface modification to achieve positive surface charge so as to maximize their interaction with negatively charged cancer cells [19, 20] Chitosan also represents another class of biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic biomaterial with ease for chemical modifications that suits more closely for making ligand anchoring (drug targeting) [15]. The use of albumin- and chitosan-based nanocarriers will help in the translational application of these nanocarriers.…”

Nanocarrier mediated delivery of siRNA/miRNA in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy: Current progress and advances

“…Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field covering various areas from biology, engineering, chemistry and physics [94, 95]. Nanotechnology based therapeutics typically includes nanosized particles composed of different entities such as lipids, polymers, inorganic materials etc.…”

Nanomaterials in the application of tumor vaccines: advantages and disadvantages

“…Chitosan has excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biosecurity, and overall nontoxic characteristics 69,70. As a carrier, nanochitosan can improve DNA and drug bioavailability, resistance in vivo to enzyme drop solutions, enhance controlled sustained release of biomaterials, reduce toxicity, and be prepared under mild conditions without the use of an organic solvent, thereby avoiding DNA and drug destruction, as well as preventing residual solvent remaining after the preparation process 71–73.…”