Biocompatibility of Biodentine™ ® with Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: In Vitro Study

Abstract

Biodentine™ is a tricalcium silicate-based cement material that has a great impact on different biological processes of dental stem cells, compared to other biomaterials. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the optimum biocompatible concentration of Biodentine™ with stem cells derived from periodontal ligament (hPDLSCs) by determining cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, migration, adhesion and mineralization potential. hPDLSCs were treated with Biodentine™ extract at different concentrations; 20, 2, 0.2 and 0.02 mg/mL. Cells cultured without Biodentine™ were used as a blank control. The proliferation potential of hPDLSCs was evaluated by MTT viability analysis for 6 days. Cytotoxicity assay was performed after 3 days by using AnnexinV/7AAD. Migration potential was investigated by wound healing and transwell migration assays at both cellular and molecular levels. The expression levels of chemokines CXCR4, MCP-1 and adhesion molecules FGF-2, FN, VCAM and ICAM-1 were measured by qPCR. The communication potentials of these cells were determined by adhesion assay. In addition, mineralization potential was evaluated by measuring the expression levels of osteogenic markers; ALP, OCN, OPN and Collagen type1 by qPCR. Our results showed significant increase in the proliferation of hPDLSCs at low concentrations of Biodentine™ (2, 0.2 and 0.02 mg/mL) while higher concentration (20 mg/mL) exhibited cytotoxic effect on the cells. Moreover, 2 mg/mL Biodentine™ showed a significant increase in the migration, adhesion and mineralization potentials of the derived cells among all concentrations and when compared to the blank control. Our findings suggest that 2 mg/mL of Biodentine™ is the most biocompatible concentration with hPDLSCs, showing a high stimulatory effect on the biological processes.

Anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Biodentine on human periapical lesion cells in culture

“…In this context, Abuarqoub et al . (2020), have shown recently that Biodentine, suspended as a powder in culture medium, exhibited cytotoxic effects at higher concentrations (20 mg mL −1 ) on human stem cells derived from periodontal ligament (hPDLSCs), whereas the concentrations lower than 2 mg mL −1 were noncytotoxic. Zhou et al .…”

“…2010, Abuarqoub et al . 2020). High basic pH is known to be extremely cytotoxic, and under such conditions, it is not possible to demonstrate the specific effects of Biodentine.…”

Biological interactions between calcium silicate‐based endodontic biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro studies

“…Studies assessing BioC R, TF BCR and IR FS reported an adequate cytocompatibility of the tested materials, exhibiting similar results to a negative control group (Abuarqoub et al, 2020;Rodríguez-Lozano et al, 2020a). All of the aforementioned cements showed a high cell adhesion and morphology (Abuarqoub et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2018;Rodríguez-Lozano et al, 2020a). Additionally, BD, BioC R, TF BCR and IR FS-treated hPDLSCs exhibited an upregulation of one or more cementogenic, osteogenic and/or odontogenic markers (Abuarqoub et al, 2020 BCR also showed a significantly higher mineralization potential compared to a negative control (Rodríguez-Lozano et al, 2020a).…”

“…Amongst the 9 CSCs evaluated, BD was the only cement which exhibited significant positive results in cell viability and migration assays when compared to a negative control group (unconditioned culture medium; Abuarqoub et al, 2020). Studies assessing BioC R, TF BCR and IR FS reported an adequate cytocompatibility of the tested materials, exhibiting similar results to a negative control group (Abuarqoub et al, 2020;Rodríguez-Lozano et al, 2020a). All of the aforementioned cements showed a high cell adhesion and morphology (Abuarqoub et al, 2020;Luo et al, 2018;Rodríguez-Lozano et al, 2020a).…”

In vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium silicate‑based bioceramics in endodontics (Review)

“…Likewise, 2 mg/ml Biodentine is the most biocompatible concentration to promote migration, attachment, and mineralization of human PDLSCs. Biodentine at low concentrations (2.00, 0.20 and 0.02 mg/ml) significantly enhances viability of human PDLSCs, while Biodentine at higher concentrations (20 mg/ml) exhibits cytotoxicity, which may be associated with high pH ( 104 ). High pH of Biodentine results in an increased concentration of iron and calcium ions in the extracellular environment ( 105 ).…”