Biocompatibility Assessment of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Nanobioglass (n-BG) Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Scaffolds based on biopolymers and nanomaterials with appropriate mechanical properties and high biocompatibility are desirable in tissue engineering. Therefore, polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites were prepared with ceramic nanobioglass (PLA/n-BGs) at 5 and 10 wt.%. Bioglass nanoparticles (n-BGs) were prepared using a sol–gel methodology with a size of ca. 24.87 ± 6.26 nm. In addition, they showed the ability to inhibit bacteria such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 55804), and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 13061) at concentrations of 20 w/v%. The analysis of the nanocomposite microstructures exhibited a heterogeneous sponge-like morphology. The mechanical properties showed that the addition of 5 wt.% n-BG increased the elastic modulus of PLA by ca. 91.3% (from 1.49 ± 0.44 to 2.85 ± 0.99 MPa) and influenced the resorption capacity, as shown by histological analyses in biomodels. The incorporation of n-BGs decreased the PLA crystallinity (from 7.1% to 4.98%) and increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) from 53 °C to 63 °C. In addition, the n-BGs increased the thermal stability due to the nanoparticle’s intercalation between the polymeric chains and the reduction in their movement. The histological implantation of the nanocomposites and the cell viability with HeLa cells higher than 80% demonstrated their biocompatibility character with a greater resorption capacity than PLA. These results show the potential of PLA/n-BGs nanocomposites for biomedical applications, especially for long healing processes such as bone tissue repair and avoiding microbial contamination.

3D‐Printed Anisotropic Nanofiber Composites with Gradual Mechanical Properties

“…Polylactide (PLA) was chosen as a control because it has been shown to be biocompatible in previous studies. [ 78,79 ] The results (see Figure ) showed that the NFC/Alg samples were compatible with the tested cells (HEK‐293).…”

Implementation of 3D Printing and Modeling Technologies for the Fabrication of Dose Boluses for External Radiotherapy at the CLCC of Sétif, Algeria

“…42 PLA/n-BG nanocomposites were also found to be safe for healing processes such as bone tissue repair and avoiding microbial contamination. 43 If PLA properties are enhanced with modifications that can be made when mixed with other polymers, the treatment spectrum of diseases with PLA will be enlarged. 44 Indeed, Moghaddam et al claimed that PLA is toxic-free and can be used instead of wet gauze as a breast bolus for surface dose enhancement and dose uniformity improvement during breast intraoperative electron radiotherapy.…”

Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites for Regenerative Therapy

“…The synthesis and characterization of n-BG with a ternary system (54%-SiO 2 :40%-CaO:6%-P 2 O 5 ) have been reported elsewhere [21].…”

“…The main disadvantage is the adequate control of porosity, which requires specific conditions; therefore, these conditions can affect the nucleation phenomena that are ideal for biomedical procedures [18][19][20]. Our group previously published a work demonstrating the advantage of incorporating n-BG type 45S5 in polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds to improve their biocompatibility and reinforce their thermal and mechanical resistance [21].…”