Biocompatibility and hyperthermia cancer therapy of casein‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles in mice

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be used as heat generation source in cancer hyperthermia therapy. While iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are the most popular choice for magnetic hyperthermia, adding a surface enhancement can improve its performance. Furthermore, for MNPs to be used in biomedical application their cytotoxicity needs to be evaluated. In this study biocompatibility and also in vivo performance of casein-coated MNPs were assessed. Cell viability of normal cell lines in all of tests remained above 95% for 0.5 and 1 mg/mL concentration and even the minimum recorded cell viability for normal cell lines was 84.78% at 20 mg/mL concentration. In contrast cell viability of cancer cell lines in contact with casein coated MNPs core-shell structure except for one sample remained below 85%. By introduction of and alternating magnetic field, cell viability of samples with lower MNP concentration dropped by 20% to 30% while this drop for samples with higher concentration was 10% to 20%. Furthermore, results of in vivo trials show that just 1 week of hyperthermia treatment with casein coated MNPs core-shell structure can reduce the tumor size of the mice by 33%. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results further confirmed the effectiveness of this method. Moreover, findings of this study suggest that lower injection speed can improve NPs distribution and treatment effect. Results of this study suggest that core-shell structure can positively affect the tumor growth and the combination of good biocompatibility, innate hostility toward cancer cells and good heating power makes them a good candidate for hyperthermia cancer therapy applications. K E Y W O R D S casein coated iron oxide, cytotoxicity, hyperthermia 1 | INTRODUCTION Nano science is one of the most important research and development frontiers in modern science. Nanotechnology is now widely used throughout the pharmaceutical industry, medicine, electronics, robotics, and tissue engineering. The use of nanoparticle (NP) materials offers many advantages due to their unique size and physical properties. 1 In comparison to bulk materials, NPs have high surface to volume ratio which makes extremely reactive and versatile. These attributes make exiting new opportunities for mechanical, optical, and magnetic applications. 2 NPs are mainly classified into either organic group, including carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and fullerenes, or inorganic group, including quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs can have very interesting properties that make them suitable to be used for applications such as targeted drug delivery, cell sorting, contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hyperthermia. 3-9 One of the most important features of MNPs is the possibility of manipulation in the presence of a magnetic field gradient. The other advantages of MNPs in biomedical applications are that they can be

Design of a nanocomposite with gold nanoparticles as the core and casein-templated gold nanoclusters as the shell with ultra-low protein corona for enhanced photodynamic therapy

“…Proteins like BSA 9 , transferrin 10 , trypsin 11 and lysozyme 12 are usually used as template to prepare AuNCs as reducing agent and also stabilizer which has multiple advantages including green synthesis, biocompatibility, high water solubility. [13][14][15] Casein with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, pH-responsive structural and thermal stability has been widely used for drug delivery systems, [16][17] Casein has multiple amino acid residues with 19.5 % of amine-containing amino acids (similarly with BSA as 19.1 %) which is responsible for the Au ion uptake and reduction, potentiating it become a good candidate as template for AuNCs preparation. 14 Moreover, casein contains sulfurbearing amino acids which can be functionalized as nanoparticle thiol-capping agents leading to strong Au-S interactions on the NC surface.…”

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Corona on Precoated Protein Nanoparticles and Determined Nanoparticles with Ultralow Protein Corona and Efficient Targeting in Vivo

“…Herein, five types of proteins were used to prepare the precoated protein NPs: casein (CS), soybean protein isolate (SPI), myoglobin (Mb), zein, and gelatin (Gel). Casein with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, pH-responsive structural and conformational changes, and thermal stability has been widely used for drug delivery systems. , The most commonly used plant protein in the food industry, soybean protein isolate, has been used for loading active substances such as curcumin. , Myoglobin has usually been used as a bioprecursor to prepare magnetic nanoparticles . Zein has been widely used in the enzyme and drug delivery and release systems with high loading capacity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility .…”

“…Casein with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, pH-responsive structural and conformational changes, and thermal stability has been widely used for drug delivery systems. 39,40 The most commonly used plant protein in the food industry, soybean protein isolate, has been used for loading active substances such as curcumin. 41,42 Myoglobin has usually been used as a bioprecursor to prepare magnetic nanoparticles.…”

Effects of Electromagnets on Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells Treated with Dendrimer Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coupled with magnetic base devices has been increasing in the biomedical field [1][2][3][4]. Among them, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely used in nanomedicine for diagnoses, therapeutics, drug, and gene delivery systems [5][6][7][8]. To enhance SPION biocompatibility, solubility, and stability in physiological conditions, surface modifications with biocompatible polymers are necessary.…”