Biochemistry of Magnesium

Weston, Jennie

doi:10.1002/9780470682531.pat0407

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 341 publications

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“…The weight change accounts for a loss of 21%, which is consistent with the loss of 2 waters (calculated to 19%) ( Figure 3 ). This result is consistent with the tendency of magnesium to take on water in a rapid fashion, 22 , 23 thus suggesting the core magnesium species Mg(G 2 )(H 2 O)(OH) where rapid acquisition of subsequent water molecules is likely.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Cellular Uptake of a Glycylglycine Chelate of Magnesium

Case

Gonzalez²,

Zubieta

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Human chronic latent magnesium deficiency is estimated to impact a substantive portion of the world’s population. A number of magnesium compounds have been developed to combat this deficiency; however, none are ideal due to issues of solubility, absorption, side effects (e.g., laxation) and/or formulation. Here, we describe the pH-dependent synthesis, chemical characterization (inductively coupled plasma and thermal analysis, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D) spectroscopies, and electrospray mass spectrometry) and in vitro uptake (in a cell model of the large intestine (CaCo-2 cells)) of a magnesium complex of the glycine dimer (HG 2 ). Results demonstrate that the HG 2 ligand assumes a tridentate coordination mode with an N 2 O donor set and an octahedral coordination sphere completed with coordinated waters. The magnesium:HG 2 complex exhibits significant solubility and cellular uptake.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Cellular Uptake of a Glycylglycine Chelate of Magnesium

Case

Gonzalez²,

Zubieta

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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“…This is commonly observed in in vitro assays, wherein enzyme activity is assessed in the presence of different metals to identify which confers the greatest catalytic activity. In addition, certain metal ions, including Mg, are not directly detectable in spectroscopic studies and difficult to identify in crystallographic studies ( 22 , 23 ) and can be readily substituted with alternative ions for the purposes of structural assessment ( 24 , 25 ), further indicating the relative ease with which certain ions can replace one another.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interchangeable utilization of metals: New perspectives on the impacts of metal ions employed in ancient and extant biomolecules

Smethurst

Shcherbik

2021

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Metal ions provide considerable functionality across biological systems, and their utilization within biomolecules has adapted through changes in the chemical environment to maintain the activity they facilitate. While ancient earth's atmosphere was rich in iron and manganese and low in oxygen, periods of atmospheric oxygenation significantly altered the availability of certain metal ions, resulting in ion replacement within biomolecules. This adaptation mechanism has given rise to the phenomenon of metal cofactor interchangeability, whereby contemporary proteins and nucleic acids interact with multiple metal ions interchangeably, with different coordinated metals influencing biological activity, stability, and toxic potential. The ability of extant organisms to adapt to fluctuating metal availability remains relevant in a number of crucial biomolecules, including the superoxide dismutases of the antioxidant defense systems and ribonucleotide reductases. These well-studied and ancient enzymes illustrate the potential for metal interchangeability and adaptive utilization. More recently, the ribosome has also been demonstrated to exhibit interchangeable interactions with metal ions with impacts on function, stability, and stress adaptation. Using these and other examples, here we review the biological significance of interchangeable metal ions from a new angle that combines both biochemical and evolutionary viewpoints. The geochemical pressures and chemical properties that underlie biological metal utilization are discussed in the context of their impact on modern disease states and treatments.

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“…A further increase of Ce supplementation recovered Mg levels to that observed in the control sample. Magnesium cation coordinated with the porphyrin ring forms the chlorophyll active site [106,107]. It is also crucial for the activity of RuBisCO, and finally, the C3 carbon fixation pathway [108][109][110].…”

Section: Plant Uptake and Accumulation Of Mineral Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Homeostasis and Gas Exchange Dynamics in Pisum sativum L. Exposed to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Skiba

Pietrzak

Gapińska

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Cerium dioxide nanoparticles are pollutants of emerging concern. They are rarely immobilized in the environment. This study extends our work on Pisum sativum L. as a model plant, cultivated worldwide, and is well suited for investigating additive interactions induced by nanoceria. Hydroponic cultivation, which prompts accurate plant growth control and three levels of CeO2 supplementation, were applied, namely, 100, 200, and 500 mg (Ce)/L. Phytotoxicity was estimated by fresh weights and photosynthesis parameters. Additionally, Ce, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ca, and Mg contents were analyzed by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma optical emission techniques. Analysis of variance has proved that CeO2 nanoparticles affected metals uptake. In the roots, it decreased for Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Mg, while a reversed process was observed for Ca. The latter is absorbed more intensively, but translocation to above-ground parts is hampered. At the same time, nanoparticulate CeO2 reduced Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ca accumulation in pea shoots. The lowest Ce concentration boosted the photosynthesis rate, while the remaining treatments did not induce significant changes. Plant growth stimulation was observed only for the 100 mg/L. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the effect of nanoceria on photosynthesis-related parameters in peas.

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Biochemistry of Magnesium

Abstract: Magnesium in Biological Systems Magnesium as an Essential Cofactor Basic Coordination Sphere Fundamental Binding Modes Magnesium Transport Systems Universal Energy Currency of Life Interactions with DNA and RNA … Show more

Cited by 12 publications

References 341 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Cellular Uptake of a Glycylglycine Chelate of Magnesium

Synthesis, Characterization, and Cellular Uptake of a Glycylglycine Chelate of Magnesium

Interchangeable utilization of metals: New perspectives on the impacts of metal ions employed in ancient and extant biomolecules

Metal Homeostasis and Gas Exchange Dynamics in Pisum sativum L. Exposed to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

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