Biochemistry and Ecology of Anaerobic Fungi

Theodorou, Michael K.; Zhu, Weiyun; Rickers, André; Nielsen, Bettina Bonde; Gull, Keith; Trinci, Anthony P. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10373-9_14

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…In addition to the major fibrolytic bacteria, the rumen also harbors highly fibrolytic anaerobic fungi that are regarded to play an important role in fiber degradation within the rumen particularly on poor diets (Theodorou et al, 1996). The effect of DF on rumen fungi was investigated in the present study, but showed no influence on the ruminal fungi abundance as revealed by real-time PCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Effect of disodium fumarate on microbial abundance, ruminal fermentation and methane emission in goats under different forage : concentrate ratios

Yang

Mao

Long

et al. 2012

Animal

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This study investigated the effects of disodium fumarate (DF) on methane emission, ruminal fermentation and microbial abundance in goats under different forage (F) : concentrate (C) ratios and fed according to maintenance requirements. Four ruminally fistulated, castrated male goats were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments and the main factors being the F : C ratios (41 : 59 or 58 : 42) and DF supplementation (0 or 10 g/day). DF reduced methane production (P< 0.05) on average by 11.9%, irrespective of the F : C ratio. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate were greater in the rumen of goats supplemented with DF (P< 0.05), whereas the abundance of methanogens was lower (P< 0.05). In high-forage diets, the abundance ofSelenomonas ruminantium, a fumarate-reducing bacterium, was greater in the rumen of goats supplemented with DF. The abundance of fungi, protozoa,Ruminococus flavefaciensandFibrobacter succinogeneswere not affected by the addition of DF. Variable F : C ratios affected the abundance of methanogens, fungi andR.flavefaciens(P< 0.05), but did not affect methane emission. The result implied that DF had a beneficial effect on thein vivorumen fermentation of the goats fed diets with different F : C ratios and that this effect were not a direct action on anaerobic fungi, protozoa and fibrolytic bacteria, the generally recognized fiber-degrading and hydrogen-producing microorganisms, but due to the stimulation of fumarate-reducing bacteria and the depression of methanogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Effect of disodium fumarate on microbial abundance, ruminal fermentation and methane emission in goats under different forage : concentrate ratios

Yang

Mao

Long

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…ruminantium was the unique living methanogen on the ruminal ciliates (Tokura et al, 1999b). With rumen anaerobic fungi, it has been widely reported that rumen anaerobic fungi could rapidly colonize and efficiently degrade fibrous plant materials as reviewed by Theodorou et al (1996). Cheng et al (2006 and2009) recently showed the natural co-existence of rumen methanogens with anaerobic fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, abundance and novel 16S rRNA gene sequences of methanogens in rumen liquid, solid and epithelium fractions of Jinnan cattle

Pei

Mao

Cheng

et al. 2010

Animal

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Three methanogen 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from liquid (LM), solid (SM) and epithelium (EM) fractions taken from the rumen of Jinnan cattle in China. After the amplification by PCR using methanogen-specific primers Met86F and Met1340R, equal quantities of PCR products from the same fractions from each of the four cattle were mixed together and used to construct the three libraries. Sequence analysis showed that the 268 LM clones were divided into 35 phylotypes with 18 sequences of phylotypes affiliated with the genus Methanobrevibacter (84.3% of clones). The 135 SM clones were divided into 19 phylotypes with 11 phylotypes affiliated with the genus Methanobrevibacter (77.8%). The 267 EM clones were divided into 33 phylotypes with 15 phylotypes affiliated with the genus Methanobrevibacter (77.2%). Clones closely related to Methanomicrobium mobile and Methanobrevibacter wolinii were only found in the LM library, and those to Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii only in the SM library. LM library comprised 12.4% unidentified euryarchaeal clones, SM library 23.7% and EM library 25.5%, respectively. Five phylotypes (accession number: EF055528 and EF055531-EF055534) did not belong to the Euryarchaeota sequences we had known. One possible new genus (represented by phylotype E17, accession number EF055528) belonging to Methanobacteriaceae was identified from EM library. Quantitative real-time PCR for the first time revealed that epithelium fraction had significantly higher density of methanogens, with methanogenic mcrA gene copies (9.95 log 10 (copies per gram of wet weight)) than solid (9.26, P , 0.01) and the liquid (8.44, P , 0.001). The three clone libraries also appeared different in Shannon index (EM library 2.12, LM library 2.05 and SM library 1.73). Our results showed that there were apparent differences in the methanogenic diversity and abundance in the three different fractions within the rumen of Jinnan cattle, with Methanobrevibacter species predominant in all the three libraries and with epithelium fraction having more unknown species and higher density of methanogens.Keywords: rumen methanogen, molecular diversity, different fractions ImplicationsInterest in methanogens from ruminants has resulted from the role of methane in global warming and from the fact that cattle typically lose 2% to 12% of ingested energy as methane (Johnson and Johnson, 1995). However, little is known about their distribution in the rumen of Chinese ruminants. To understand their diversity distribution and their abundance, three methanogenic 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed from different fractions of rumen of Jinnan cattle and their density determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed that Methanobrevibacter species were predominant in all three libraries, and that there were differences in the methanogenic diversity and abundance in the three different fractions within the rumen. The study for the first time demonstrated that many unidentified sequences wer...

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“…Sharp et al (1998) reported that the order Methanobacteriales was associated with ruminal ciliates, and the order Methanomicrobiales mainly existed in the fluid. With rumen anaerobic fungi, it has been widely reported that rumen anaerobic fungi could rapidly colonize and efficiently degrade fibrous plant materials as reviewed by Theodorou et al (1996). Cheng et al (2006Cheng et al ( , 2009 recently showed the natural co-existence of rumen methanogens with anaerobic fungi.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats

Alam

Kim

et al. 2011

Animal Science Journal

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Molecular diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Korean black goats was investigated with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries using methanogen-specific primers. The libraries were composed of rumen fluid-associated methanogens (FAM) and rumen particle-associated methanogens (PAM) from rumen-fistulated Korean black goats. Among the 141 clones of the FAM library, the sequences were mostly related to two phyla, the Methanobacteriaceae family (77.3%) and the Thermoplasmatales family (22.7%); and among the 68 clones of the PAM library, sequences were also mainly clustered in the two phyla, the Thermoplasmatales family (63.24%) and the Methanobacteriaceae family (35.29%). Most of the sequenced clones in the two libraries were closely related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that PAM (8.97 log 10) had significantly higher (P < 0.01) density of methanogens by the methanogenic 16S rRNA gene copies than FAM (7.57 log 10). The two clone libraries also showed difference in Shannon index (FAM library 1.70 and PAM library 1.59) and Chao 1 estimator (FAM library 18 and PAM library 17 operational taxonomic units). Apparent differences found in the microbial community from the two 16S rRNA gene libraries could be a result of such factors as the chemical and physical nature of the target material surface, types or component of diets, the interaction between the methanogens and other microbes, and age of the experimental goats.

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Biochemistry and Ecology of Anaerobic Fungi

Cited by 21 publications

References 131 publications

Effect of disodium fumarate on microbial abundance, ruminal fermentation and methane emission in goats under different forage : concentrate ratios

Effect of disodium fumarate on microbial abundance, ruminal fermentation and methane emission in goats under different forage : concentrate ratios

Diversity, abundance and novel 16S rRNA gene sequences of methanogens in rumen liquid, solid and epithelium fractions of Jinnan cattle

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats

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