“…Although ILs can reduce the risk of air pollution due to their insignificant vapor pressure, they do have significant water solubility and poor biodegradability (McFarlane et al, 2005;Couling et al, 2006;Das and Roy, 2013) and may be released to aquatic ecosystems by effluents or accidental spills, becoming a new threat to aquatic organisms (Ventura et al, 2010;Pham et al, 2010;Bubaloa et al,2014;Egorova and Ananikov, 2014). Recently, there have been a number of studies regarding ILs toxicity to aquatic organisms, for example, IL-toxicity evaluation in algae (Latała et al, 2009), cladocerans (Luo et al, 2008), snail (Ma et al, 2014a(Ma et al, , 2014b, and fish (Li et al, 2012a(Li et al, , 2013a.…”