Biochemical properties and progress in cancers of tRNA‐derived fragments

Shao, Yang; Zhou, Jinbao; Shao, Yang; Jafari, Fatemah.A.; Qi, Pengfei; Li, Yanli

doi:10.1002/jcb.29492

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Different from common ncRNAs, the function and study of tRNAs are not as thorough as microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. tRNAs routinely play a role in translation, and tRNA(~72 nt) can be processed into smaller bioactive tRNA-derived fragments, ranging in size from 18 to 50 nt, which play a role in the occurrence and progression of tumors ( 15 , 49 ). tRNAs can give rise to different types of tRNA-derived fragments, including tRFs with lengths of 14–36 nt and tiRNAs with lengths of 30–40 nt ( 50 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Role of Serum tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer (GC)

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Early diagnosis combined with surgical treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to seek higher sensitivity and specificity biomarkers in GC. tRNA-derived small RNAs are a new non-coding small RNA that widely exists in tumor cells and body fluids. In this study, we explore the expression and biological significance of tRNA-derived small RNAs in GC.Materials and MethodsFirst of all, we screened the differentially expressed tRNA-derived small RNAs in tumor tissues by high-throughput sequencing. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), Sanger sequencing, and Nuclear and Cytoplasmic RNA Separation Assay were used to screen tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD as a potential tumor biomarker for the diagnosis of GC. Then, we detected the different expressions of tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD in 24 pairs of GC and paracancerous tissues, the serum of 111 GC patients at first diagnosis, 89 normal subjects, 48 superficial gastritis patients, and 28 postoperative GC patients by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, we used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to analyze its diagnostic efficacy.ResultsThe expression of tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD has good stability and easy detection. tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD was highly expressed in tumor tissue, serum, and cell lines of GC, and the expression was significantly related to TNM stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. The expression of serum tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD in the GC patients decreased after the operation (P = 0.0003). Combined with ROC curve analysis, tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD has better detection efficiency than conventional markers.ConclusionsThe expressions of tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD in the tumor and paracancerous tissues, the serum of GC patients and healthy people, and the serum of GC patients before and after operation were different. tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD is not only a diagnostic biomarker of GC but also a predictor of poor prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Role of Serum tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer (GC)

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…It contains the 5’ end of tRNA. Based on cleavage positions of the Dicer at the D-loop, tRF-5 can be divided into three subtypes: tRF-5a (14–16 nt), tRF-5b (22–24 nt) and tRF-5c (28–30 nt) [ 33 , 37 ]. i-tRF is cleaved from the mature tRNA region and contains the anticodon loop and the fragments of the D- and T-loops [ 36 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Biogenesis and Classification Of Tsrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the tRNA-derived small RNAs: origin, development, and future

et al. 2021

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Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a novel category of small noncoding RNAs, are enzymatically cleaved from tRNAs. Previous reports have shed some light on the roles of tsRNAs in the development of human diseases. However, our knowledge about tsRNAs is still relatively lacking. In this paper, we review the biogenesis, classification, subcellular localization as well as action mechanism of tsRNAs, and discuss the association between chemical modifications of tRNAs and the production and functions of tsRNAs. Furthermore, using immunity, metabolism, and malignancy as examples, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs in diseases and evaluate the potential of tsRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. At the same time, we compile and introduce several resource databases that are currently publicly available for analyzing tsRNAs. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with research in this field and future directions.

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“…Inducing senescence and eliminating tumour cells via tumour immune response activation or autonomous apoptosis induction can also be used to eliminate senescent cells [ 74 ]. Recently, numerous studies have found that tRFs perform biological functions in various cancers and have revealed some regulatory mechanisms [ 75 - 78 ]. For example, downregulation of homeobox-containing 1 ( HMBOX1 ) can promote cancer cell proliferation and migration in HGSOC [ 60 ].…”

Section: Trfs In Age-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%