Elucidating the Role of Serum tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer (GC)

Abstract

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Early diagnosis combined with surgical treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to seek higher sensitivity and specificity biomarkers in GC. tRNA-derived small RNAs are a new non-coding small RNA that widely exists in tumor cells and body fluids. In this study, we explore the expression and biological significance of tRNA-derived small RNAs in GC.Materials and MethodsFirst of all, we screened the differentially expressed tRNA-derived small RNAs in tumor tissues by high-throughput sequencing. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), Sanger sequencing, and Nuclear and Cytoplasmic RNA Separation Assay were used to screen tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD as a potential tumor biomarker for the diagnosis of GC. Then, we detected the different expressions of tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD in 24 pairs of GC and paracancerous tissues, the serum of 111 GC patients at first diagnosis, 89 normal subjects, 48 superficial gastritis patients, and 28 postoperative GC patients by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, we used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to analyze its diagnostic efficacy.ResultsThe expression of tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD has good stability and easy detection. tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD was highly expressed in tumor tissue, serum, and cell lines of GC, and the expression was significantly related to TNM stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. The expression of serum tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD in the GC patients decreased after the operation (P = 0.0003). Combined with ROC curve analysis, tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD has better detection efficiency than conventional markers.ConclusionsThe expressions of tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD in the tumor and paracancerous tissues, the serum of GC patients and healthy people, and the serum of GC patients before and after operation were different. tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD is not only a diagnostic biomarker of GC but also a predictor of poor prognosis.

Comprehensive Assessment of Serum hsa_circ_0070354 as a Novel Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarker in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

“…The specific divergent primers involved in this paper were designed and synthesized by Ribobio Corporation (Suzhou, China), with the forward and reverse primer as shown in Table 1 . RT-qPCR was performed as described in previous studies ( Huang et al, 2021b ). In brief, the reaction was initiated at 95°C (10 min), followed by 40 cycles at 95°C (10s) and 62°C (34s) in the 20 ul system.…”

Transfer RNA-derived small RNA: an emerging small non-coding RNA with key roles in cancer

“…Further validation revealed that tRF-GluTTC-027 could significantly regulate the related proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway and play a cancer suppressive role in GC progression [ 81 ]. Our research found that tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD and hsa_tsr016141 could be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC, suggesting that tsRNAs could also be novel biomarkers for GC [ 82 , 83 ]. As a conclusion, tsRNAs can affect the proliferation and metastasis of GC and regulate the malignant progression of GC through multiple mechanisms.…”

“…On the serum side, the expression levels of hsa_tsr016141 and tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD were significantly increased in the serum of GC patients, which could effectively distinguish GC patients from normal controls and their expression levels were significantly decreased after GC surgery. Moreover, they were both good diagnostic markers and predictors of poor prognosis in GC [ 82 , 83 ]. Upregulated tRF-Leu-CAG in NSCLC serum was significantly associated with tumor progression, while tRF-Leu-CAG expression was similarly upregulated in NSCLC cell lines.…”

Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs: Novel Regulators and Biomarkers of Cancers

“…Equally important were the findings of Huang et al. who found that tRF-31-U5YKFN8DYDZDD was highly upregulated in serum samples of gastric cancer (GC) patients ( 146 ). All these results denoted that circulating tsRNAs could be a potential non-invasive indicator of a cancer diagnosis.…”