Biochemical, Molecular, and Transcriptional Highlights of the Biosynthesis of an Effective Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus safensis PHA3, a Petroleum-Dwelling Bacteria

Abstract

Petroleum crude oil (PCO)-dwelling microorganisms have exceptional biological capabilities to tolerate the toxicity of petroleum contaminants and are therefore promising emulsifier and/or degraders of PCO. This study describes a set of PCO-inhabiting bacterial species, one of which, identified as Bacillus safensis PHA3, produces an efficient biosurfactant which was characterized as a glycolipid. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance, Thin layer chromatography, HPLC, and GC-MS analysis of the purified biosurfactant revealed that the extracted molecule under investigation is likely a mannolipid molecule with a hydrophilic part as mannose and a hydrophobic part as hexadecanoic acid (C16:0). The data reveal that: (i) PHA3 is a potential producer of biosurfactant (9.8 ± 0.5 mg mL-1); (ii) pre-adding 0.15% of the purified glycolipid enhanced the degradation of PCO by approximately 2.5-fold; (iii) the highest emulsifying activity of biosurfactant was found against the PCO and the lowest was against the naphthalene; (iv) the optimal PCO-emulsifying activity was found at 30–60°C, pH 8 and a high salinity. An orthologous gene encodes a putative β-diglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase (β-DGS) was identified in PHA3 and its transcripts were significantly up-regulated by exogenous PAHs, i.e., pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene but much less by mid-chain n-alkanes (ALKs) and fatty acids. Subsequently, the accumulation of β-DGS transcripts coincided with an optimal growth of bacteria and a maximal accumulation of the biosurfactant. Of particular interest, we found that PHA3 actively catalyzed the degradation of PAHs notably the pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene but was much less effective in the mono-terminal oxidation of ALKs. Such characteristics make Bacillus safensis PHA3 a promising model for enhanced microbial oil recovery and environmental remediation.

Isolation, characterization and antibacterial effect of biosurfactant from Candida parapsilosis

“…As identified by the MALDI Biotyper, the isolate was an yeast and hence a 18 S rRNA gene sequencing was done [ 26 ]. Based on the 26 S rRNA, 18 S rRNA, 28 S rRNA and ITS region sequence, the organism was identified as C. parapsilosis.…”

Production optimization, stability and oil emulsifying potential of biosurfactants from selected bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated sites

“…Initial screening of the isolates for biosurfactant production was performed by hydrocarbon overlay assay as described by Hanano et al [25]. One microliter of culture was spread over a McKeen agar plate coated with 100 µl of kerosene and incubated at 37°C for 7 days.…”

Dioxin impacts on lipid metabolism of soil microbes: towards effective detection and bioassessment strategies

“…Oxygenated FAs, also termed oxylipins, are well known as essential molecules enabling animals, plants and microorganisms to respond to various forms of biotic and abiotic stress (Mohammadpour et al 1988;Bestervelt et al 1994;Hanano et al 2018d). In microorganisms, oxylipins play crucial roles in regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite (Hanano et al 2018a(Hanano et al , 2019a, as well as the production of biosurfactants and their emulsifying activity towards hydrophobic compounds (Hanano et al 2014a(Hanano et al , 2015c(Hanano et al , 2017(Hanano et al , 2019b. Oxylipins have also roles in altering bacterial membrane fluidity as a function of environmental stress (Denich et al 2003).…”