Biochemical Genetics and Genomics of Insect Esterases

Oakeshott, John G.; Claudianos, Charles; Campbell, Peter M.; Newcomb, Richard D.; Russell, Robyn J.

doi:10.1016/b0-44-451924-6/00073-9

Cited by 232 publications

(405 citation statements)

References 427 publications

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“…The key point here is that genes encoding detoxifying systems are often arranged in tightly linked clusters in insect genomes. 1,2,5,6,17,18) If, however, it transpires that the correlations seen by Harold and Ottea 9,10) are causally based, then one feature of the results at least suggests a different mechanism(s) of esterase-based metabolic resistance to OPs from the two so far resolved at a molecular level in other species. Thus, while greater esterase activity and isozyme intensities are also features of the sequestration mechanism shown to confer OP resistance on mosquitoes and aphids, in those cases only one or two very closely adjacent isozymes were overexpressed (and therefore more intensely staining).…”

Section: Heliothine Resistance To Opsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Thus, while greater esterase activity and isozyme intensities are also features of the sequestration mechanism shown to confer OP resistance on mosquitoes and aphids, in those cases only one or two very closely adjacent isozymes were overexpressed (and therefore more intensely staining). [1][2][3][4] The OP resistant Hs. virescens show increased staining intensities for several bands widely distributed across the isozyme profile, which has no precedent in either the mosquito/aphid sequestration mechanism, or the mutant ali-esterase mechanism seen in some higher Diptera.…”

Section: Heliothine Resistance To Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The classes most commonly involved are synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) and organophosphates (OPs), and carbamates (CBs) are also involved in several cases. There are also occasional reports of carboxylesterase phenotypes associated with resistance to benzoylureas, the oxadiazine indoxacarb, the diacylhydrazine tebufenozide, the organochlorine endosulfan and the proteinaceous Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis that is expressed in transgenic crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterase-based metabolic resistance to insecticides in heliothine and spodopteran pests

Farnsworth

Teese

Yuan

et al. 2010

Journal of Pesticide Science

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IntroductionCarboxylesterases have been implicated in metabolic resistance to several classes of insecticide in a wide variety of pest insect species. [1][2][3] The classes most commonly involved are synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) and organophosphates (OPs), and carbamates (CBs) are also involved in several cases. There are also occasional reports of carboxylesterase phenotypes associated with resistance to benzoylureas, the oxadiazine indoxacarb, the diacylhydrazine tebufenozide, the organochlorine endosulfan and the proteinaceous Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis that is expressed in transgenic crops. Figure 1 gives structures for some key compounds among these various classes of insecticide.It might be expected that carboxylesterases would be involved in SP resistance because the great majority of SPs are carboxylesters. However, no precise molecular mechanisms for esterase-based SP resistance have yet been elucidated in any insect. OPs are generally phosphotriesters rather than carboxylesters but nevertheless they bind many carboxylesterases with high affinity and this provides a basis for two forms of resistance, both now elucidated at a molecular level in several species. One form involves substantial overexpression of the esterase, allowing for effective sequestration of the insecticide. The other involves specific mutations in the active site of the enzyme which convert it to an OP hydrolase (the so-called "mutant ali-esterase" mechanism). CBs are carbamic acid (NH 2 COOH) derivatives, in which a functional group has been added as an ester; these esters are chemically similar to carboxylesters. Carbamates bind carboxylesterases with quite high affinity, but as yet the molecular mechanisms by which a (mutant) carboxylesterase confers CB resistance have not been elucidated in any species. Of the other insecticide classes occasionally linked to esterase-based resistance only indoxacarb has ester bonds (two Elevated esterase activities and increased band intensities of multiple esterase isozymes after electrophoresis are commonly associated with resistance to organophosphate, pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides in various heliothine and spodopteran pests. One possible explanation for this involves a 'master regulator' mutation in a more general chemical stress response. An association between elevated esterase activities and isozyme intensities has also been reported for resistance to the Cry1Ac toxin of Helicoverpa armigera. The basis for this is unclear albeit some involvement of esterases could be mediated by the toxin's affinity for N-acetyl galactosamine glycans on certain gut-expressed esterases in this species.

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Section: Heliothine Resistance To Opsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Heliothine Resistance To Opsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esterase-based metabolic resistance to insecticides in heliothine and spodopteran pests

Farnsworth

Teese

Yuan

et al. 2010

Journal of Pesticide Science

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“…In contrast, the large number of P450 genes in insects and their poor representation in the initial EST collections (Tijet et al, 2001) begged the question of their function. Few genes encoding insect P450s, glutathione S-transferases (GST) or esterases have been specifi cally and directly linked to a role in detoxifi cation or insecticide resistance despite the overwhelming biochemical evidence of their role in these adaptations (Feyereisen, 2005;Ranson and Hemingway, 2005;Oakeshott et al, 2005). A more global approach is therefore needed to characterize these genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenobiotic response in Drosophila melanogaster: Sex dependence of P450 and GST gene induction

Goff

Hilliou

Siegfried

et al. 2006

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

146

109

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“…Each of these catalyses a wide range of detoxification reactions. They are the primary enzymatic defence against xenobiotics, are responsible for the removal of many by-products of metabolism, play essential roles in multiple biosynthetic pathways and are involved in chemical communication (Feyereisen, 2005;Oakeshott et al, 2005;Ranson and Hemingway, 2005). Some individual enzymes also have structural roles instead of, or in addition to, their catalytic activity.…”

Section: Metabolic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 8

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This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.Photo credits: Cover © Maks Ershov.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre francais d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. FOREWORD │ 3SAFETY ASSESSMENTOF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMSIN THE ENVIRONMENT, VOLUME 8 © OECD 2018 ForewordModern biotechnologies are applied to plants species (crops, flowers, trees), animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting transgenic organisms when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, the food and feed industry or for other applications represents a challenging issue. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration, and by governments when ready for release, to ensure high safety standards. This remains essential with new biotechnology developments using insects to fight against disease outbreaks: engineered mosquitoes need to be evaluated through a scientifically sound approach to risk/safety assessment that will inform biosafety regulators and support the decision concerning the release of these novel organisms in the environment.The OECD offers a long-standing recognised expertise in biosafety and contributes to facilitating an harmonised approach. The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology (WG-HROB) was established in 1995. The WG-HROB gathers national authorities responsible for the environmental risk/safety assessment of products of modern biotechnology in OECD countries and other economies. International organisations and experts involved in biosafety activities are a...

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Biochemical Genetics and Genomics of Insect Esterases

Cited by 232 publications

References 427 publications

Esterase-based metabolic resistance to insecticides in heliothine and spodopteran pests

Esterase-based metabolic resistance to insecticides in heliothine and spodopteran pests

Xenobiotic response in Drosophila melanogaster: Sex dependence of P450 and GST gene induction

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