Biochemical Characterization of Rat Intestine Development Using High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning ¹H NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis

Abstract

We report details of metabolic profiles for small intestinal samples obtained using high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HRMAS) (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Intact samples of jejunum and ileum from male Long Evans rats were analyzed on a 600 MHz spectrometer using standard one and two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopic pulse sequences. The metabolic profiles of ileum and jejunum predominantly comprised a number of amino acids, lipids, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), choline, creatine, and ethanol, a number of carboxylic acids including acetate and lactate, and nucleoside bases including cytosine, isocytosine, and uracil. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to these NMR data to characterize the biochemical differences between jejunum and ileum tissues. Compared with ileum, jejunum contained higher levels of lipids, GPC, choline, lactate and creatinine, but lower levels of amino acids and acetate. In addition, the age dependence of the biochemical composition of intestinal tissues from young rats (15, 36 days and 3-4 months old) was studied. In general, levels of lipids, lactate, taurine and creatinine were positively correlated with age while amino acids and GPC decreased in the older age group. This study will provide a metabolic reference for further studies assessing the metabolic consequences of nutrition, stress and gut microbiota on intestinal composition.

Effects of microcystin-LR on gut microflora in different gut regions of mice

“…The jejuno-ileum is part of the small intestine, while the caecum and colon belong to the large intestine. Previous studies on topographical intestinal biochemistry and metabolomics have revealed that the metabolic fingerprints varied among different intestinal regions, and the greatest differences were present between the small and large intestines (Wang et al, 2005b(Wang et al, , 2007. Consistent with previous studies, the microbial density increased along the intestinal tract (Mackie et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2005a;Goel et al, 2014).…”

Robust Utilization of Phospholipase-Generated Metabolites, Glycerophosphodiesters, by Candida albicans: Role of the CaGit1 Permease

“…Taken together, our findings lead us to speculate that the expanded ability of C. albicans to utilize GroPIns and GroPCho results from the organism's pathogenic nature and its need to occupy a variety of environments within its host organism. This possibility is buttressed by the fact that GroPIns and GroPCho are present and abundant in human fluids, as mentioned in the introduction (2,6,15,16,24,31,38,(42)(43)(44).…”

“…For example, GroPCho is an abundant organic osmolyte found in the renal medulla of the kidney (15,16), and both GroPIns and GroPCho are found in other parts of the urinary tract, including renal proximal tubules (38). GroPCho has also been found in organs of the gastrointestinal tract, including the small and large intestines (2,43,44). Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue contain GroPCho, in addition to lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine that can be converted to GroPCho via phospholipases B (24,31,42).…”

Metabolic Response to Oral Microcystin-LR Exposure in the Rat by NMR-Based Metabonomic Study

“…48 Meanwhile, orally administered MCLR is also mostly actively absorbed through the ileum in mammals and birds. 49−51 A high concentration of MCLR was detected in the intestine, 34,35 which may cause hazards to intestinal physiology and function.…”