Biochemical changes involved in a lesion-induced behavior in the cat.

Randall, Walter; Elbin, John; Swenson, Richard M.

doi:10.1037/h0036139

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A change in glucocorticoid activity is an essential but not a sufficient condition for inducing the abnormal grooming behavior. Adrenalectomy is without effect in intact cats unless combined with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) administration (Randall, Elbin, & Swenson, 1974;Randall & Parsons, 1972). The other critically involved factor appears to be a serotonergic neuronal system that terminates in the superior colliculi: In cats with lesions, microinjections of serotonin (but not vehicle or noradrenaline or gamma-aminobutyric acid) in the superior colliculus (but not other sites) abolish the abnormal grooming behavior (Elbin, 1974;Trulson & Randall, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of thyroid hormones in an abnormal grooming behavior in thyroidectomized cats and cats with pontile lesions.

Randall¹,

Trulson²,

Parsons³

1976

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Thyroidectomized cats and cats with pontile lesions exhibit the same abnormal grooming behavior. Investigations were conducted to determine whether the abnormal grooming behavior in cats with pontile lesions was attributable to a hypothyroid condition. Administration of thyroid hormones abolished the abnormal behavior of thyroidectomized cats but was without effect in cats with pontile lesions. Studies of brain and blood levels of thyroid hormones in cats with pontile lesions failed to detect any differences from normal cats, and normal effects of thyroid hormones on evoked potentials to light flashes and to clicks were obtained in cats with pontile lesions. It was concluded that any thyroid dysfunction that may exist in the cats with pontile lesions was not involved in the genesis of the abnormal grooming behavior. Because the abnormal grooming behavior fluctuates rhythmically during the year, an endocrine hypothesis was entertained as the source of the fluctuations; endocrine concomitants of the abnormal behavior were investigated with longitudinal studies. The urinary excretion of 11hydroxycorticoids exhibited a significant negative correlation with the abnormal behavior. When compared with that of normal cats, the plasma level of 11-hydroxycorticoids of thyroidectomized cats was significantly decreased. Intramuscular injections of 11-hydroxycorticoids abolished the abnormal behavior in both thyroidectomized cats and cats with pontile lesions. These results considered together with previous findings indicate that thyroidectomy and pontile lesions induce similar changes in 11-hydroxycorticoid and serotonergic functions-changes that are critical features of the physiological bases of the abnormal grooming behavior in both groups.After pontile lesions, consummatory mally directed to the part of the body surface grooming behaviors of the cat are elicited that is tactually stimulated (complete deby tactile stimulation. The normally pre-tails are given by Randall, 1964). Thus the ceding appetitive components of the be-lesion induces an elicitable disintegration of havior do not occur. When you touch a cat the appetitive and consummatory componwith a pontile lesion on the back, the con-ents of grooming behavior. The importance summatory grooming behavior that is nor-of the appetitive-consummatory dichotomy mally directed to the back, the scratching was recognized by Sherrington (1906, pp. bite, is emitted immediately, occurring in 326 ff.) and first systematically studied by midair and thus with no adaptive or func-Craig (1918). More recent analyses of betional role. The consummatory response havior in these terms include the work of that is emitted is the response that is nor-Ewert Kupfermann (1974).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of thyroid hormones in an abnormal grooming behavior in thyroidectomized cats and cats with pontile lesions.

Randall¹,

Trulson²,

Parsons³

1976

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…In order to assess the involvement of glucocorticoids in the photoperiod control of the size of the receptive field, four cats with pontile lesions received bilateral adrenalectomies, and another six received sham adrenalectomies. The adrenalectomy was accomplished by laparotomy, ligation of the suprarenal vein and artery, and removal of the adrenal gland as previously described in detail (e.g., Randall et al, 1974). The six cats receiving the sham adrenalectomy were subjected to the same procedure except for ligation and removal of the adrenals.…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seasonal changes in the size of the receptive field correlated negatively with the dysrhythmia in glucocorticoid excretion. The experimental manipulations suggested by these changes (serotonin depletion combined with adrenalectomy) induce grooming reflexes in normal cats (Randall, Elbin, & Swenson, 1974;Swenson & Randall, 1980). Although the photoperiodic effect need not necessarily be mediated by one of the factors involved in the induction of the abnormal behavior, their candidacy is recommended by the presence of seasonal rhythms in both.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mediation of the photoperiodic effect on grooming reflexes by glucocorticoid hormones and serotonin.

Johnson¹,

Randall²

1983

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The role of serotonin and glucocorticoid hormones in the mediation of the effect of photoperiod on the size of the receptive field for grooming reflexes was determined in cats with pontile lesions. Nineteen adult male cats with pontile lesions were used to form four groups. One group of cats with pontile lesions was adrenalectomized, another group received 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine injections in the superior colliculi, and the other two groups of cats with pontile lesions were used to provide the baseline response to photoperiod. Then, for all four groups, the receptive fields for the grooming bite, lick, and scratch reflexes were determined under different photoperiods. Both adrenalectomy and 5,7-DHT treatment blocked the effect of photoperiod. After the photoperiodic manipulations, the efficacy of intramuscular injections of hydrocortisone and 5-hydroxytryptophan in abolishing the receptive fields was demonstrated. The data indicate a modulatory effect of serotonergic neurons on the photoperiodic regulation of glucocorticoid hormones. Comparisons of this study with previous photoperiodic studies established that a complex seasonal rhythm exists which is controlled by the annual rhythm in photoperiod.

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“…However, administration of an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis (para -chlorophenylalanine, PCPA) to normal cats does not induce grooming reflexes. Adrenalectomy also is without effect in normal cats (Randall, Elbin, & Swenson, 1974;Randall & Parsons, 1972). The best evidence for the two-factor hypothesis is the induction of grooming reflexes by combining the two treatments of adrenalectomy and inhibition of serotonin synthesis: Adrenalectomized cats that are administered PCPA develop the grooming reflexes .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raphe lesions and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine induce grooming reflexes in adrenalectomized cats.

Swenson¹,

Randall²

1980

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Grooming reflexes are induced by frontal neocortical, pontile, or spinal lesions in dogs and cats. In intact cats, the combined treatments of adrenalectomy and para-chlorophenylalanine administration induce grooming reflexes. Two other ways of depleting serotonin (with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and raphe lesions) were combined with adrenalectomy in the present study as further tests that serotonin and glucocorticoid hormones are the critical factors in the induction of grooming reflexes. Because the deficit in serotonin is confined to the superior colhculi in cats with frontal and pontile lesions, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) was injected directly into the superior colhculi at eight sites, 2 ^g/site (1 ^1 at .5 /ul/min). Electrolytic dc lesions of the dorsal and superior central raphe nuclei were made in another group, and then both groups were adrenalectomized. There were three control groups (a) a group with vehicle injections in the superior colliculi and laporatomies, (b) a group with 5,7-DHT injections in the superior colliculi, and (c) a group with the raphe lesions. Large receptive fields for grooming reflexes occurred only in the groups with combined treatments. Thus the mechanism of induction of grooming reflexes by central nervous system lesions involves independent changes in a hormonal and a neurotransmitter system which combine to effect the change in beh?vior.

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Biochemical changes involved in a lesion-induced behavior in the cat.

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Role of thyroid hormones in an abnormal grooming behavior in thyroidectomized cats and cats with pontile lesions.

Role of thyroid hormones in an abnormal grooming behavior in thyroidectomized cats and cats with pontile lesions.

Mediation of the photoperiodic effect on grooming reflexes by glucocorticoid hormones and serotonin.

Raphe lesions and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine induce grooming reflexes in adrenalectomized cats.

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