Biochemical Basis for the Manifestations of Iron Deficiency

Dallman, Peter R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nu.06.070186.000305

Cited by 397 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…[23][24][25] The effects of iron deficiency on fatigue can be explained by decreased activity of irondependent enzymes; for example, those affecting the metabolism of neurotransmitters that enhance neurophysiologic changes. [26][27][28][29] However, we presume that such physiologic changes could be confused with depression or anxiety; thus, the effect of iron supplementation on mood disor-…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of iron supplementation on fatigue in nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin: a randomized controlled trial

Vaucher

Druais

Waldvogel

et al. 2012

CMAJ

126

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of iron supplementation on fatigue in nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin: a randomized controlled trial

Vaucher

Druais

Waldvogel

et al. 2012

CMAJ

126

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“…The consequences of Fe deficiency are more serious for women. However, anaemia is only one manifestation of Fe deficiency; it can also impair physical endurance, immune response, temperature regulation, energy metabolism and cognitive performance (27) . As shown by national statistics on anaemia in Iran, the prevalence of Fe deficiency among females aged 15 to 49 years is almost 39 % (28) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between BMI and iron status in iron-deficient adolescent Iranian girls

Eftekhari

Mozaffari‐Khosravi

Shidfar

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Many Iranian adolescent girls are Fe-deficient, but it is unclear whether Fe deficiency is associated with other nutritional risk indicators. The present study aimed to investigate the association between Fe deficiency and weight status (measured as BMI) among a representative sample of adolescent girls. Design: A cross-sectional study. Fe-deficient high-school girls (with or without anaemia) were selected by systematic random sampling among all students in grades 1 to 4 from high schools for girls. Blood samples were collected and analysed for Hb, haematocrit, serum ferritin, Fe and total Fe binding capacity. Weight and height were measured. BMI was calculated and compared with ageand gender-specific BMI reference values. Setting: South Iran. Subjects: A total of 431 adolescent girls aged 13-20 years. Results: Some 15?3 % of the participants were at risk for overweight and 9?5 % of them were overweight. An inverse association was found between serum ferritin and BMI (r 5 20?38, b 5 20?21, P , 0?001). Anaemia was more prevalent among overweight Fe-deficient adolescents than among those Fe-deficient and at risk for overweight or normal weight (34?1 % v. 28?8 % v. 27?8 %, respectively; P , 0?001). Conclusions: An inverse association was found between BMI and serum ferritin. Overweight adolescents demonstrated an increased prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia. It seems that both abnormalities of weight and Fe status should simultaneously be targeted in overweight female adolescents.

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“…The primary measure used to identify iron deficiency in most human populations is a reduction in hemoglobin to the point of anemia (malaria, HIV, and other nutrient deficiencies may also lead to anemia). The effects of iron deficiency occur along a continuum (88,97), and subclinical iron deficiency may have deleterious effects on heme biosynthesis. Iron deficiency without anemia can also occur in newborns exposed to intrauterine hypoxia, such as infants of preeclamptic or diabetic mothers (98).…”

Section: Other Micronutrient Deficiencies Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage

Ames¹

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

337

231

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Inadequate dietary intakes of vitamins and minerals are widespread, most likely due to excessive consumption of energy-rich, micronutrient-poor, refined food. Inadequate intakes may result in chronic metabolic disruption, including mitochondrial decay. Deficiencies in many micronutrients cause DNA damage, such as chromosome breaks, in cultured human cells or in vivo. Some of these deficiencies also cause mitochondrial decay with oxidant leakage and cellular aging and are associated with late onset diseases such as cancer. I propose DNA damage and late onset disease are consequences of a triage allocation response to micronutrient scarcity. Episodic shortages of micronutrients were common during evolution. Natural selection favors short-term survival at the expense of long-term health. I hypothesize that short-term survival was achieved by allocating scarce micronutrients by triage, in part through an adjustment of the binding affinity of proteins for required micronutrients. If this hypothesis is correct, micronutrient deficiencies that trigger the triage response would accelerate cancer, aging, and neural decay but would leave critical metabolic functions, such as ATP production, intact. Evidence that micronutrient malnutrition increases late onset diseases, such as cancer, is discussed. A multivitamin-mineral supplement is one low-cost way to ensure intake of the Recommended Dietary Allowance of micronutrients throughout life.

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Biochemical Basis for the Manifestations of Iron Deficiency

Cited by 397 publications

References 97 publications

Effect of iron supplementation on fatigue in nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin: a randomized controlled trial

Effect of iron supplementation on fatigue in nonanemic menstruating women with low ferritin: a randomized controlled trial

The relationship between BMI and iron status in iron-deficient adolescent Iranian girls

Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage

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