Biochemical Assessment of Renal and Liver Function among Preeclamptics in Lagos Metropolis

Abstract

Objectives Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific syndrome. Studies have shown that preeclampsia has multiorgan dysfunction effects. This study evaluated biomarkers of renal and liver function among preeclamptic Nigerian women. Study Design This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 49 preeclamptic women and 50 normotensive healthy pregnant women. Method The baseline data comprising age, gestational age, and blood pressure were obtained. Venous blood and spot urine samples were collected from each participant. Plasma obtained from blood samples taken into lithium heparinized vacutainer bottles was assayed for electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and uric acid, while sera samples from blood samples taken into serum separation tube- (SST-) gel vacutainer were assayed for aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase using ion selective electrode technique and Cobas autoanalyzer. Spot urine samples were assayed for protein and creatinine using Pyrogallol's reagent and Jaffe's methods, respectively. Microalbuminuria (protein/creatinine ratio) was generated from spot urine protein and creatinine data. Result The plasma sodium, total protein, and albumin in preeclamptic group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared with control. There was statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in microalbuminuria, plasma potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid levels, serum AST, and ALT activities in preeclamptic group. A positive association (p<0.05) between alanine aminotransferase and biomarkers of renal function was observed. Conclusion Preeclampsia has deleterious effects on renal and liver function as shown by alteration of these parameters.

Serum Uric Acid and Plasma Glucose Levels in Normal Pregnancy

“…In a Nigerian population, Okonkwo and colleagues previously founda mean uric acid level of 6.05mg/dl in thirdtrimester normal pregnancies, which is comparable with the present study [25]. In pre-elamptic pregnancies, Ekun et al, Pramanik et al, Deshpande et al, Kasraeian et al respectively reported mean uric acid levels of 6.69, 6.27, 6.21, 6.20mg/dl comparable to the present study [28][29][30][31].…”

Reduced Placental CD24 in Preterm Preeclampsia Is an Indicator for a Failure of Immune Tolerance

“…New onset proteinuria was defined as 300 mg or more per 24 h urine collection (or this amount extrapolated from a timed collection) or protein/creatinine ratio of 0.3 mg/dl or more or dipstick reading of 2+ (used only if other quantitative methods were not available) [ 52 , 53 ]. In the absence of proteinuria, new-onset hypertension with the new onset of any of the following were taken into account: (1) thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 100 × 10 9 /L), (2) renal insufficiency (serum creatinine concentrations greater than 1.1 mg/dl or doubling of the serum creatinine concentration in the absence of other renal disease), and/or (3) impaired liver function (elevated blood concentrations of liver transaminases to twice the normal concentration) [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Other symptoms included pulmonary edema, new-onset headache unresponsive to medication, and those not accounted for by alternative diagnoses or visual symptoms [ 18 , 52 ].…”

Pro- and Anti-Angiogenic Markers as Clinical Tools for Suspected Preeclampsia with and without FGR near Delivery—A Secondary Analysis

“…Diagnosis of PE was based on the International Society for the Study of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy (ISSHP) classification [1] in terms of diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or above or systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or above, and proteinuria of 2+ in dipstick. In the case of no proteinuria, the criteria of thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, or pulmonary edema were applied [1,[6][7][8][9].…”

“…Preeclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy complication associated with high morbidity and mortality [1][2][3][4][5]. Diagnosis of PE is made if a previously normotensive woman develops hypertension after 20 weeks gestation accompanied by proteinuria [6], and/or thrombocytopenia [7], elevated liver enzymes or hemolysis, along with the occasional involvement of other organs, mainly the cardiovascular system, the eyes, and the brain [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. National societies of Maternal and Fetal Medicine and individual medical centers have established protocols to guide proper clinical management for saving the life of the mother and fetus/neonate and reducing morbidity [3,4].…”