Biochemical and Structural Aspects of Cytokinin Biosynthesis and Degradation in Bacteria

Frébortová, Jitka; Frébort, Ivo

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9061314

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…Auxins and cytokinins are evolutionally older than plants and are present in many organisms, including bacteria, amoebae, filamentous fungi, nematodes, arthropods, etc. [19,20]. For example, it is assumed that over 80% of the rhizosphere bacteria are able to synthesize IAA [120].…”

Section: Discussion: Strategy Of Information War and "Spy Games" With Peptide Phytohormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants and various plant-interacting organisms, IAA and cytokinins acquired more specific roles as growth regulators. Therefore, plant pathogens and symbionts, which had the enzymes involved in IAA and cytokinin biosynthesis and modifications, gained an advantage in plant colonization [19,20].…”

Section: Discussion: Strategy Of Information War and "Spy Games" With Peptide Phytohormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some plant pathogens are able to use phytohormones for their own purposes, modulating the level of active phytohormones or the response to them in the host plant [14,19,20]. In particular, the ability to produce peptide phytohormones, which are used to change the growth of the host plant and to suppress its defense reactions, has become widespread among the phytopathogens from different kingdoms of the living world-bacteria, fungi, and animals (namely, nematodes) [40,43].…”

Section: Peptide Phytohormones From Plant Pathogens: Divide Et Imperamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[102]. The ability of plant-associated bacteria, both pathogenic and beneficial, to produce plant growth regulators has long been known [14,19,20]. Recently, it was shown that some phytopathogenic bacteria can also produce the effectors that mimic peptide phytohormones.…”

Section: Peptide Phytohormones Of Plant Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genes encoding enzymes for IAA and cytokinin biosynthesis were first identified in the virulent plasmid of plant pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens that are capable of transferring part of this plasmid into the host plant genome, leading to the increase of IAA and cytokinin content and tumor induction [17,18]. To date, genes for IAA and/or cytokinin biosynthesis were found in a variety of bacteria and fungi, including pathogenic, symbiotic, and free-living species, and also in plant-parasitic nematodes (reviewed in: [19,20]). The example of an effector that affects IAA/cytokinin balance in the host plant is the 19C07 protein of gall-inducing sugarbeet nematode Heterodera schachtii, which interacts with an IAA influx transporter, LAX3, influencing the direction of IAA transport [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones

Додуева

Lebedeva

Лутова

2021

Plants

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Various plant hormones can integrate developmental and environmental responses, acting in a complex network, which allows plants to adjust their developmental processes to changing environments. In particular, plant peptide hormones regulate various aspects of plant growth and development as well as the response to environmental stress and the interaction of plants with their pathogens and symbionts. Various plant-interacting organisms, e.g., bacterial and fungal pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as symbiotic and plant-beneficial bacteria and fungi, are able to manipulate phytohormonal level and/or signaling in the host plant in order to overcome plant immunity and to create the habitat and food source inside the plant body. The most striking example of such phytohormonal mimicry is the ability of certain plant pathogens and symbionts to produce peptide phytohormones of different classes. To date, in the genomes of plant-interacting bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, the genes encoding effectors which mimic seven classes of peptide phytohormones have been found. For some of these effectors, the interaction with plant receptors for peptide hormones and the effect on plant development and defense have been demonstrated. In this review, we focus on the currently described classes of peptide phytohormones found among the representatives of other kingdoms, as well as mechanisms of their action and possible evolutional origin.

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Section: Discussion: Strategy Of Information War and "Spy Games" With Peptide Phytohormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion: Strategy Of Information War and "Spy Games" With Peptide Phytohormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Peptide Phytohormones From Plant Pathogens: Divide Et Imperamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Peptide Phytohormones Of Plant Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones

Додуева

Lebedeva

Лутова

2021

Plants

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Insights into Biosynthesis and Signaling of Cytokinins During Plant Growth, Development and Stress Tolerance

Kaur

Sharma²,

Tikoria³

et al. 2022

Signaling and Communication in Plants

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Characterization of the transcriptional responses of Armillaria gallica 012m to GA3

Cai,

Cao,

Tian

et al. 2023

Arch Microbiol

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Gastrodia elata needs to establish a symbiotic relationship with Armillaria strains in order to obtain nutrients and energy. However, the signaling crosstalk between G. elata and Armillaria strains is still unclear. During our experiment, we found that the vegetative mycelium of Armillaria gallica 012m grew signi cantly better in the media containing gibberellic acid (GA3) than the blank control group (BK). In order to explore the response mechanism, we performed an RNA-sequencing experiment to pro le the transcriptome changes of A. gallica 012m cultured in the medium with exogenous GA3. The transcriptome-guided differential expression genes (DEGs) analysis of GA3 and BK showed that a total of 1309 genes were differentially expressed, including 361 upregulated genes and 948 downregulated genes. Some of those DEGs correlated with biological process, including positive regulation of chromosome segregation, mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition, attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore, mitotic cytokinesis, and nuclear division. These analyses explained that GA3 actively promoted the growth of A. gallica to some extent.Further analysis of protein domain features showed that deduced polypeptide contained 49 candidate genes of GA receptor, and 28 of them expressed in our samples. We speculate that GA receptors exist in A. gallica 012m. Comparative studies of proteins showed that the postulated GA receptor domains of A. gallica 012m have a higher homologous correlation with fungi than others based on cluster analysis.

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Biochemical and Structural Aspects of Cytokinin Biosynthesis and Degradation in Bacteria

Cited by 29 publications

References 102 publications

Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones

Dialog between Kingdoms: Enemies, Allies and Peptide Phytohormones

Insights into Biosynthesis and Signaling of Cytokinins During Plant Growth, Development and Stress Tolerance

Characterization of the transcriptional responses of Armillaria gallica 012m to GA3

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