Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis of Grape Berries (Vitis labruscana) during Cold Storage upon Postharvest Salicylic Acid Treatment

Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) treatment has been widely used to maintain fruit quality during postharvest storage. To elucidate the molecular mechanism related to this treatment, the effect of SA treatment on fruit quality as well as protein expression profiles of grape berries (Vitis labruscana cv. Kyoho) during the subsequent cold storage was evaluated. As expected, SA treatment inhibited postharvest loss and chilling damage by reducing fruit softening and membrane damage and slowing weight loss. A gel-based proteomic approach was designed to screen for differentially expressed proteins in SA-treated and control grape berries. A total of 69 differentially accumulated proteins were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, which can be functionally classified into eight categories. Among these proteins, antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase, oxidoreductase, and glutathione S-transferase were induced, and the abundances of several defense-related proteins, such as heat shock protein (HSP) and temperature-induced lipocalin, were up-regulated by SA treatment. In addition, proteins involved in carbohydrate catabolism and energy production were also induced by SA treatment. Interpretation of the data for differential accumulation of proteins revealed that the effect of SA on reducing postharvest losses and chilling damage of grape berries during cold storage may be due to activated defense responses and carbohydrate metabolism and higher levels of energy status.

Proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of chitosan on Penicillium expansum

“…Total protein extraction was performed according to trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-acetone precipitation protocol as described by Cai et al (2014). On brief, mycelia were grounded to fine powder using a pre-cooled mortar and pestle under liquid nitrogen.…”

Recent Developments in Methods and Techniques for Rapid Monitoring of Sugar Metabolism in Fruits

“…The increased levels of glucose and fructose might be due to the breakdown of starch. On the other hand, hot air (Shao and others ), methyl jasmonate (Yu and others ), high pressure (Fernandez‐Sestelo and others ), and salicylic acid (Cai and others ) treatments were developed to assess chilling injury, which is most injurious for fruits during cold storage. Overall, chilling tolerance after these treatments was enhanced, which was possibly ascribed to the increase in sucrose content after these treatments by improving the antioxidant activity of membranes (Kishore and others ; Yu and others ).…”

“…Glucose, fructose, and sucrose are the major sugars in most fruits, which are not only critical for quality control and maturity evaluations, but also as an antioxidant for membrane stability during storage (Zhen and others ). Higher levels of sucrose could maintain a cell at higher energy status and enhance the chilling tolerance to some extent (Wang and others ; Cai and others ). On the other hand, sugar metabolism contributing to enhanced antioxidant capacity could induce the ascorbate–glutathione cycle against oxidative chilling stress.…”

“…Traditionally, sugar contents of fruits are analyzed by laboratory‐based methods. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is considered as one of the powerful separating and analytical tools and is widely used for profiling nonvolatile polar metabolites of fruits including sugars (Cerdán‐Calero and others ; Cai and others ), organic acids, and amino acids (van Durme and others ). However, these metabolites generally need to be precolumn derivatized to corresponding volatile derivatives, which is an essential, but lengthy, process prior to GC‐MS analysis.…”

Proteomic and metabolomic study of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) fruit during ripening process

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