Biochemical and pathological evidences on the benefit of a new biodegradable nanoparticles of probiotic extract in murine colitis

Abstract

Efficacy of probiotics in the management of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been approved in the recent years. In the present work, the efficacy of a new biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) of encapsulated and lyophilized probiotic extract (LPE) was examined in murine colitis. Colitis was induced by rectal instillation of trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid to male Wistar rats. The safety and effective dose of LPE was determined in a pilot study. To ease delivery into colon, LPE was encapsulated in chitosan-coated-poly (lactide co glycolide acid) NPs. After induction of colitis, animals in different groups received test compound in three doses by gavage for 10 days. Groups of sham, control (saline), and standard (dexamethasone) were also assigned. Colonic pathological examination, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin (IL)-1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were performed. LPE at all doses (273, 545, and 1100 mg/kg) had positive effects in reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPO, and MPO in a dose-dependent manner. The formulated compound containing medium dose of LPE was more efficient in mitigating the experimental colitis in comparison with that of high-dose LPE. It is concluded that LPE and its nanoparticle-encapsulated form are very much effective in control of colitis. Regarding safety of this compound, further studies can be conducted in patients with IBD.

Probiotic Properties of Lyophilized Cell Free Extract of Lactobacillus casei

“…To ensure the safety of LPE, its toxicity was investigated in vivo using health murine model where any of animals in test-group had received high quantity of LPE. Fortunately, no significant toxicity or even unexpected adverse effects or unusual activities was observed in animals (33). According to findings from the in vitro and in vivo studies, it is apparent that the main mechanism of Lactobacillus correlated with its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity is the pH-lowering effect caused by the production of organic acids and boosting host immunity (14, 16, 34).…”

Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on Cytokine Profiles

“…However, the health benefits of probiotic microorganisms include prevention of infectious diseases of the intestinal and urinary tracts, prevention of diarrhea, reductions in allergy symptoms, serum cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, stimulation and modulation of the immune system, modulation of gene expression (cytokines, in particular), regression of tumors, and reduction in cocarcinogen production [ 23 ]. Researchers are now shifted to discerning deeper understanding of whether probiotics exert health benefits; proposed reaction mechanisms include inhibitory effects of lactate on pathogens, production of short chain fatty acids, lowering the production of toxic substances contributing to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and adherence of microbes to the gut through controlling water flow from the blood serum to the intestinal lumen [ 24 ]. Most common probiotic microorganisms are presented in Table 1 .…”

The Role of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Related Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Human Clinical Trials

“…Some of the proposed mechanisms by which probiotics may exert beneficial effects are (1) the production of SCFAs and lactate, which inhibit the growth of potentially pathogenic organisms and have an anti-inflammatory effect on the gut; (2) the increased transit time by the net flow of water from the blood to the intestinal lumen, which influences the adherence of bacteria to the intestinal wall; and (3) the reduced production of noxious substances that may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD [ 34 ].…”