Biochemical and histopathological ultrastructural changes caused by ZnO nanoparticles in mice

Abstract

Five week-old mice were divided into a vehicle control group, and groups exposed to ZnO nanoparticles at low (0.5 g/kg), middle (1 g/kg), high (3g/kg) and exceptionally high-dose (5 g/kg). After the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th weeks of exposure, blood biochemistry, histopathology, and electron microscopic ultrastructural changes in liver, kidney and spleen were investigated. Increased alkaline phosphatase activities were observed in all treated mice being statistically significant at higher dose. No changes were observed in the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and ,lipid levels. During the 1 st and 2 nd week of treatment, effects on the cytoarchitecture of liver, kidney and spleen were not perceived while during the 3 rd and 4 th week of treatment sporadic mild effects were seen. Ultrastructural electron microscopic changes in liver, kidney and spleen were not observed for the low-dose group onthe 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th week, suggesting that exposure to ZnO nanoparticles at low dose is safe. Long term (i.e, more than 28 days) exposure to the exceptionally high-dose resulted in sporadic changes in nuclear chromatin condensation, irregular nuclear membrane, polymorphic mitochondria, mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation. ZnO nanoparticles could be well tolerated and no death occurred in any group of treated mice.

Biosynthesized ZnO-NPs from Morus indica Attenuates Methylglyoxal-Induced Protein Glycation and RBC Damage: In-Vitro, In-Vivo and Molecular Docking Study

“…Small portions of the liver and kidney were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and dehydrated with graded series of ethanol (50-100%) followed by infiltration using paraffin. The sections (4-5 µm) obtained through microtome were stained with hematoxylin and eosin dye and examined under a microscope for histopathological changes [27].…”

Andrographis paniculata absorbed ZnO nanofibers as a potential antimicrobial agent for biomedical applications

“…The toxicity of ZnO relies on particle size, morphology, pH, and concentration. At low dosages, there is no significant toxicity in mice models [48]. In general, ZnO nanoparticles are effective against pathogens because of their activation mechanism by photons.…”

“…This oxidative stress will damage the proteins, lipids, DNA ending in cell death. However, the AP-ZnO particles are exposed to the zebrafish within a threshold value minimising the oxidative stress and damages to the cell [48]. More investigations on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity with experimental standards are needed for a better understanding of the toxicity of AP-ZnO Nps to other cellular organisms and humans.…”

Immunological Effects of Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials

“…Under the function of a photosensitizer (PS), the cytotoxic ROS are generated, leading to the death of tumor cells ( 31 ). This method has the distinct advantages of minimal invasion and high spatiotemporal precision ( 32 , 33 ). Although preliminary results have been achieved by PDT in the treatment of tumors, there are still the following deficiencies.…”