Biochemical and histopathological effects of glyphosate herbicide on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

In Oreochromis niloticus that had been exposed for 3 months to sublethal concentrations (5 and 15 ppm) of the commercial glyphosate herbicide (C(3)H(8)NO(5)P) Roundup, the organs exhibited varying degrees of histopathological change. In the gills filament cell proliferation, lamellar cell hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, epithelial lifting, and aneurysm were observed. In the liver there were vacuolation of hepatocytes and nuclear pyknosis. Kidney lesions consisted of dilation of Bowman's space and accumulation of hyaline droplets in the tubular epithelial cells. The structural damages could be correlated to the significant increase (p </= 0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the second and third months of exposure. The results indicated that long-term exposure to glyphosate at sublethal concentrations had adverse effects on the histopathological and biochemical alterations of the fish.

Histopathological effect of sub-lethal concentration of aluminum phosphide (phostoxin) on Clarias gariepinus juveniles

“…(Jiraungkoorskul et al 2002). Fish species are most sensitive to aquatic pollutants during their early life stages.…”

“…Fish liver, however, has been reported not to show the diversity of pathological changes seen in higher animals on the account of lack of kuppfer cells in the hepatic sinusoids (Ellis et al 1976). Nevertheless, its susceptibility to a number of toxic and consequential metabolic disturbances has been highlighted (Jiraungkoorskul et al 2003, Olojo et al 2005, Mobarak & Sharaf 2011. At the lowest dose of the sub-lethal concentration, there were no traces of inflammatory changes although the sinusoids were ill defined.…”

“…It has been established that fish exposed to toxicants exhibit increase in hepatic vacuolization (Coimbra et al 2007, Fiuza et al 2009, Mobarak & Sharaf, 2011. The increase in vacuolation could have been as a result of imbalance between the rate of synthesis of substances and the rate of release to systemic circulation (Ginerich 1982, Jiraungkoorskul et al 2002. Pyknosis and karyolysis have been reported in cases of severe poisoning.…”

“…More often ingested toxic substances are detoxified in the liver and before it can reach potentially toxic level to have affected other internal organs like the kidney, it would have caused extensive damage to the liver. Damage to kidney has been observed following fish exposure to toxicants (Jiraungkoorskul et al 2003).…”

Citotoxicidad del glifosato en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana

“…Pese a esta información, la preocupación sobre los efectos adversos potenciales de los herbicidas basados en glifosato persiste ya que un número de estudios recientes in vivo en animales muestran que han causado efectos tóxicos en las diferentes especies que han sido expuestas experimentalmente al glifosato, a las formulaciones comerciales que lo contienen, y a uno de sus principales adyuvantes, el surfactante polioxietilenamina o tallow amina polietoxilada (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”