Biochemical and histopathological changes in Wistar rats after consumption of boiled and un-boiled water from high and low disease prevalent areas for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in north Central Province (NCP) and its comparison with low disease prevalent Colombo, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is prevalent in North Central Province (NCP) of Sri Lanka. Consumption of un-boiled dug well water has been identified as one of the causative factors. This in-vivo study was performed to investigate some of the suspected factors associated with the pathogenesis of CKDu mediated via ground water.Method: Rats were given water, collected from high and low disease prevalent areas from the NCP of Sri Lanka and the results compared with those obtained from previously identified low disease prevalent area; Colombo. Blood Urea Nitrogen, creatinine, urinary microalbumin:creatinine ratio together with ALT and AST levels were analyzed and results were compared using one-way ANOVA and paired t-Test. Histopathology was analyzed using non-parametric method.

Changes In Immunological Response In Wistar Rats That Ingested Water From High And Low Disease Prevalent Areas From The North Central Province (NCP) And Low Disease Prevalent Colombo, Sri Lanka And Their Co-Relations To Histopathological Changes.

“…Rats that ingested water from NTMB had signi cantly low CD 4+ and CD 8+ cell counts in their blood and signi cantly low microalbumin: creatinine ratios in their urine compared to NTM [11]. This clinical picture was well corelated with the comparatively low tubular lesion index observed in rats that ingested water from NTM ( Table 4).…”

“…DD from high disease prevalent NCP reported most severe tissue destruction and brosis in the kidney tissues compared to other groups. Rats that ingested water from low disease prevalent HW from NCP also had mild peritubular chronic interstitial in ammatory foci whilst rats that ingested water from low disease prevalent CO also reported a very mild in ammatory focus around their kidney tubules [11].…”

“…Both groups had peritubular non suppurative interstitial nephritis. However, slight differences were observed in the distribution pattern and severity of the lesions [11]. In ltration of T cells can cause cell injury directly by cytotoxic activity or by secreting cytokines and indirectly by activating microphages.…”

“…Non affected to affected kidney tissue ratios were calculated. Percentage of prominent histological lesions observed in each rat groups also were identi ed [11].…”

“…The main histopathological change observed in renal tissues were peritubular non suppurative interstitial nephritis whilst in liver tissues, it was observed steatosis, portal tract and parenchymal in ammatory cell in ltrates as prominent lesions [11]. Non-affected to affected kidney tissue ratios are summarized in the Table 4 and the percentage severity of liver lesions are summarized in Table 5.…”