Biochemical analysis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin and their regulation in determining chickpea flower and seed coat colour

Pal, Lalita; Dwivedi, Vikas; Gupta, Santosh Kumar; Saxena, Samiksha; Pandey, Ashutosh; Chattopadhyay, Debasis

doi:10.1093/jxb/erac392

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Variation in the gene coding region is a common allelic variation. Similarly, the DTX / MATE allele was also found in chickpeas, with variations in the corresponding transporting activity of Cy3G (Pal et al, 2023). These results indicate that the differences in anthocyanin and PA among different varieties are closely related to the natural variation of DTX/MATE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Preferential transport activity of DkDTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon

Liu

Sun

et al. 2023

JIPB

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Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are specialized metabolites that influence persimmon fruit quality. Normal astringent (A)‐type and non‐astringent (NA)‐type mutants show significant variation in PA accumulation, but the influencing mechanism remains unclear. In this study, among the six identified DTXs/MATEs proteins associated with PA accumulation, we observed that allelic variation and preferential transport by DkDTX5/MATE5 induced variation in PA accumulation for A‐type and NA‐type fruit. The expression pattern of DkDTX5/MATE5 was correlated with PA accumulation in NA‐type fruit. Upregulation and downregulation of DkDTX5/MATE5 promoted and inhibited PA accumulation, respectively, in the NA‐type fruit. Interestingly, transporter assays of Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that DkDTX5/MATE5 preferentially transported the PA precursors catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, resulting in their increased ratios relative to the total PAs, which was the main source of variation in PA accumulation between the A‐type and NA‐type. The allele lacking Ser‐84 in DkDTX5/MATE5 was identified as a dominantly expressed gene in the A‐type and lost its transport function. Site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that DkDTX5/MATE5 binds to PA precursors via Ser‐84. These findings clarify the association between the transporter function of DkDTX5/MATE5 and PA variation, and can contribute to the breeding of new cultivars with improved fruit quality.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Preferential transport activity of DkDTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon

Liu

Sun

et al. 2023

JIPB

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“…The findings of previous studies have indicated that anthocyanin transport proteins may play roles in plant vacuoles (Han et al 2022, Pal et al 2023), and PpGST1 , MdGSTF6 , and LcGST4 have been identified as genes encoding proteins associated with the transport of anthocyanins (Hu et al 2016, Jiang et al 2019, Zhao et al 2020). Moreover, LhDTX35 (encoding a MATE) has been established to play a key role in regulating the accumulation of anthocyanins (Xu et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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The Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) is an economically important plant on account of its ornamental value and oil‐producing seeds. Leaf colour is a key characteristic of T. sebifera, with yellow‐, red‐ and purple‐leaved varieties providing visually impressive displays during autumn. In this study, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying leaf colour development in purple‐leaved T. sebifera at three stages during the autumnal colour transition, namely, green, hemi‐purple, and purple leaves. We accordingly detected 370 flavonoid metabolites and 10 anthocyanins, among the latter of which, cyanidin‐3‐xyloside and peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside were identified as the predominant compounds in hemi‐purple and purple leaves. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that structural genes associated with the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, chlorophyll synthesis pathway and carotenoid synthesis pathway were significantly differential expressed at the three assessed colour stages. Additionally, transcription factors associated with the MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 complex, including 22 R2R3‐MYBs, 79 bHLHs and 44 WD40 genes, were identified as candidate regulators of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, on the basis of the identified differentially accumulated anthocyanins and key genes, we generated genetic and metabolic regulatory networks for anthocyanin biosynthesis in T. sebifera. These findings provide comprehensive information on the leaf transcriptome and three pigments of T. sebifera, thereby shedding new light on the mechanisms underlying the autumnal colouring of the leaves of this tree.

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“…Among the key regulators, the Transparent Testa ( TT ) gene plays a crucial role in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, influencing various seed color types in plants. Extensive investigations of the TT gene have been conducted in various plants species, notably in the model, Arabidopsis (Marinova et al., 2007; Zhao & Dixon, 2009) and in legume species such as Medicago (Li et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2014; Zhao & Dixon, 2009), soybean (Lu et al., 2021), Brassica (Li et al., 2012; Yu, 2013), and chickpea (Pal et al., 2022). Mutants lacking functional TT genes, such as tt4 , tt12 , and tt19 , have transparent seed coats due to the absence of proanthocyanidin accumulation (Debeaujon et al., 2001, 2003; Marinova et al., 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of our understanding on the molecular mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis came from the genetic studies on Arabidopsis mutants (Appelhagen et al., 2011, 2015; Baudry et al., 2004; Debeaujon et al., 2001, 2003; Gonzalez et al., 2016; Marinova et al., 2007). However, limited efforts have been made to understand the genetic basis of seed color variation in chickpea, with most studies focusing on association analysis and genetic mapping of QTLs governing the trait using a smaller set of diversity panel and mapping population (Bajaj, Das, et al., 2015; Hossain et al., 2010; Kazan et al., 1993; Pal et al., 2022; Penmetsa et al., 2016). None of the low‐resolution QTLs identified for seed color trait has been validated in diverse genetic backgrounds across multiple environments or fine‐mapped through map‐based cloning to delineate the functional allele(s) of gene(s) regulating the seed color variation in chickpea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional allele of a MATE gene selected during domestication modulates seed color in chickpea

Thakro,

Varshney,

Malik

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYSeed color is one of the key target traits of domestication and artificial selection in chickpeas due to its implications on consumer preference and market value. The complex seed color trait has been well dissected in several crop species; however, the genetic mechanism underlying seed color variation in chickpea remains poorly understood. Here, we employed an integrated genomics strategy involving QTL mapping, high‐density mapping, map‐based cloning, association analysis, and molecular haplotyping in an inter‐specific RIL mapping population, association panel, wild accessions, and introgression lines (ILs) of Cicer gene pool. This delineated a MATE gene, CaMATE23, encoding a Transparent Testa (TT) and its natural allele (8‐bp insertion) and haplotype underlying a major QTL governing seed color on chickpea chromosome 4. Signatures of selective sweep and a strong purifying selection reflected that CaMATE23, especially its 8‐bp insertion natural allelic variant, underwent selection during chickpea domestication. Functional investigations revealed that the 8‐bp insertion containing the third cis‐regulatory RY‐motif element in the CaMATE23 promoter is critical for enhanced binding of CaFUSCA3 transcription factor, a key regulator of seed development and flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby affecting CaMATE23 expression and proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation in the seed coat to impart varied seed color in chickpea. Consequently, overexpression of CaMATE23 in Arabidopsis tt12 mutant partially restored the seed color phenotype to brown pigmentation, ascertaining its functional role in PA accumulation in the seed coat. These findings shed new light on the seed color regulation and evolutionary history, and highlight the transcriptional regulation of CaMATE23 by CaFUSCA3 in modulating seed color in chickpea. The functionally relevant InDel variation, natural allele, and haplotype from CaMATE23 are vital for translational genomic research, including marker‐assisted breeding, for developing chickpea cultivars with desirable seed color that appeal to consumers and meet global market demand.

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Biochemical analysis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin and their regulation in determining chickpea flower and seed coat colour

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Preferential transport activity of DkDTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon

Preferential transport activity of DkDTX5/MATE5 affects the formation of different astringency in persimmon

Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera

Functional allele of a MATE gene selected during domestication modulates seed color in chickpea

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