Biochar from co-pyrolysis of urban organic wastes—investigation of carbon sink potential using ATR-FTIR and TGA

Nair, Rahul Ramesh; Mondal, Moni Mohan; Weichgrebe, Dirk

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-01000-9

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…During pyrolysis, anaerobic food digestates contain the highest concentrations of stable phosphorus and chloride, which may increase the digestate's oxidative stability. However, a mixture of the three substrates had the highest carbon sink potential than their individual potential (Nair et al 2020). As a result, biocharderived digestate has the potential to be an efficient carbon sink during carbon dioxide removal.…”

Section: Role Of Biochar From Digestate In Climate Change Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased aromaticity indicated that the biochar was more stable and resistant to microorganism decomposition (Leng et al 2019). Nair et al (2020) examined biochar's carbon sequestration potential and biochar's ability to act as a long-term carbon sink in soils. Biochar was produced from three organic wastes: banana fibrous waste, sewage sludge from wastewater treatment, and anaerobic food digestate.…”

Section: Role Of Biochar From Digestate In Climate Change Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of biogas systems into a carbon zero and hydrogen economy: a review

et al. 2022

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The Ukraine conflict has put critical pressure on gas supplies and increased the price of fertilisers. As a consequence, biogas has gained remarkable attention as a local source of both gas for energy and biofertiliser for agriculture. Moreover, climate change-related damage incentivises all sectors to decarbonise and integrate sustainable practices. For instance, anaerobic digestion allows decarbonisation and optimal waste management. Incorporating a biogas system in each country would limit global warming to 2 °C. If suitable policies mechanisms are implemented, the biogas industry could reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 3.29–4.36 gigatonnes carbon dioxide equivalent, which represent about 10–13% of global emissions. Here, we review the role of the biogas sector in capturing methane and mitigating carbon emissions associated with biogas outputs. Since biogas impurities can cause severe practical difficulties in biogas storing and gas grid delivering systems, we present upgrading technologies that remove or consume the carbon dioxide in raw biogas, to achieve a minimum of 95% methane content. We discuss the role of hydrogen-assisted biological biogas upgrading in carbon sequestration by converting carbon dioxide to biomethane via utilising hydrogen generated primarily through other renewable energy sources such as water electrolysis and photovoltaic solar facilities or wind turbines. This conceptual shift of 'power to gas' allows storing and utilising the excess of energy generated in grids. By converting carbon dioxide produced during anaerobic digestion into additional biomethane, biogas has the potential to meet 53% of the demand for fossil natural gas. We also evaluate the role of digestate from biogas systems in producing biochar, which can be used directly as a biofertiliser or indirectly as a biomethanation enhancement, upgrading, and cleaning material.

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Section: Role Of Biochar From Digestate In Climate Change Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Biochar From Digestate In Climate Change Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of biogas systems into a carbon zero and hydrogen economy: a review

et al. 2022

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“…The substrates are collected, oven-dried (at 105 • C), and sampled as detailed in a previous study [21]. The average particle size is kept at 0.2 mm to minimize the effect of transport phenomena [4].…”

Section: Materials Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolysis characteristics are analyzed using a TGA/DSC 3+ LF thermogravimetric analyzer (Mettler Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland). Instrument calibration is performed as in [21]. About 10 ± 1 mg of each sample is loaded in a 70 µL alumina crucible without compression.…”

Section: Tga-dscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Synthesis from Mineral- and Ash-Rich Waste Biomass, Part 1: Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Mechanism during Slow Pyrolysis

et al. 2022

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Synthesizing biochar from mineral- and ash-rich waste biomass (MWB), a by-product of human activities in urban areas, can result in renewable and versatile multi-functional materials, which can also cater to the need of solid waste management. Hybridizing biochar with minerals, silicates, and metals is widely investigated to improve parent functionalities. MWB intrinsically possesses such foreign materials. The pyrolysis of such MWB is kinetically complex and requires detailed investigation. Using TGA-FTIR, this study investigates and compares the kinetics and decomposition mechanism during pyrolysis of three types of MWB: (i) mineral-rich banana peduncle (BP), (ii) ash-rich sewage sludge (SS), and (iii) mineral and ash-rich anaerobic digestate (AD). The results show that the pyrolysis of BP, SS, and AD is exothermic, catalyzed by its mineral content, with heat of pyrolysis 5480, 4066, and 1286 kJ/kg, respectively. The pyrolysis favors char formation kinetics mainly releasing CO2 and H2O. The secondary tar reactions initiate from ≈318 °C (BP), 481 °C (SS), and 376 °C (AD). Moreover, negative apparent activation energies are intrinsic to their kinetics after 313 °C (BP), 448 °C (SS), and 339 °C (AD). The results can support in tailoring and controlling sustainable biochar synthesis from slow pyrolysis of MWB.

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“…In application of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy to characterize biochars generated from various agricultural by-products, Liu et al (2015) proposed a simple 3-band algorithm (R readings) per multi-point averages of the band intensities at respective ranges of 1750-1500 cm -1 , 2000-1790 cm -1 , and 645-655 cm -1 . While the FT-IR analysis of Liu et al (2015) has been applied to qualitative characterization of biochars from various agricultural and industrial wastes and byproducts (e.g., Li et al, 2020b;Nair et al, 2020;Rodriguez et al, 2020), the quantitative evaluation by the R reading has not been adopted. This is mainly due to the two facts that 1) its physical significance is not apparent as the idea was derived from three-band ratio algorithms in cotton fiber and cellulose studies (Liu et al, 2011;Nam et al, 2017), and 2) Liu et al (2015) did not report clear correlations between R readings and pyrolysis temperature of the four types of plant biomass biochars they generated.…”

Section: Atr Ft-ir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier Transform Infrared and Solid State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of Defatted Cottonseed Meal-Based Biochars

He¹,

Guo²,

Fortier³

et al. 2021

MAS

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Conversion to biochar may be a value-added approach to recycle defatted cottonseed meal, a major byproduct from the cotton industry. In this work, complete slow pyrolysis at seven peak temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C in batch reactors was implemented to process cottonseed meal into biochar products. Elemental analysis, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and quantitative solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were applied to characterize raw meal and its derived biochar products. The biochar yield and organic C and total N recoveries decreased as the peak pyrolysis temperatures was elevated. However, most of the mineral elements including P in cottonseed meal were retained during pyrolysis and became enriched in biochar as a result of the decreased mass yield. The spectral data showed that pyrolysis removed the functional groups of biopolymers in cottonseed meal, producing highly aromatic structures in biochars. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, alkyl structures decreased progressively in the biochar products and became negligible at higher temperatures (550 and 600°C). Quantitative analysis of FT IR data revealed that the values of a simple 3-band (1800,1700, and 650 cm-1)-based R reading of the biochars were linearly related to the pyrolysis temperature, and showed strong correlations with decreasing aromaticity and increasing alkyl, aliphatic C-O/N and carbonyl signal intensities in the 13C NMR spectra. Therefore, the cheaper and faster FT-IR measurement could be used as a routine conversion indicator of pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass instead of the more expensive and time-consuming NMR spectroscopy.

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Biochar from co-pyrolysis of urban organic wastes—investigation of carbon sink potential using ATR-FTIR and TGA

Cited by 45 publications

References 113 publications

Integration of biogas systems into a carbon zero and hydrogen economy: a review

Integration of biogas systems into a carbon zero and hydrogen economy: a review

Biochar Synthesis from Mineral- and Ash-Rich Waste Biomass, Part 1: Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Mechanism during Slow Pyrolysis

Fourier Transform Infrared and Solid State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of Defatted Cottonseed Meal-Based Biochars

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