Biochar characterization and engineering

Brewer, Catherine E.

doi:10.31274/etd-180810-2233

Cited by 42 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Biochar yields and proximate analysis results are shown in Table 1 [33]. As expected, biochar yields decreased between 200 and 5008C, then leveled off slightly at higher pyrolysis temperatures.…”

Section: Biochar Yields and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Table shows the aromaticity of the biochars calculated from the DP/MAS spectra and estimates of biochar T 1 times. T 1 times are based on fitting a curve (ln

y = a \cdot x + b

) to data of signal remaining in the 160–110 ppm range of CP/ T 1 /TOSS spectra at different z‐filter times relative to the signal of a very short (1 ms) z‐filter time spectrum . Aromaticities of the biochars increased over the 200–500°C range and were higher for O 2 biochars than the N 2 biochars.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and reaction atmosphere effects on the properties of corn stover biochar

Brewer

Hall

Schmidt‐Rohr³

et al. 2016

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Biochar properties can vary widely depending on feedstock and processing conditions, which can make meaningful comparisons between biochars difficult. Clear trends can be observed in slow pyrolysis biochar properties over a 300–800°C range of highest treatment temperatures (HTT). These trends, however, are much less consistent for biochars made under slightly oxidizing conditions, such as in gasification and internally‐heated kiln carbonization processes. In this study, slow pyrolysis biochars were produced from corn stover under either pure nitrogen or nitrogen + 5% oxygen atmospheres over a 200–800°C HTT range. For the biochars made at 300 and 400°C, the presence of oxygen in the reaction environment resulted in biochars with properties similar to those of biochars produced at higher HTTs in pure nitrogen. Addition of oxygen has only minor effects on biochar bulk oxygen content or abundance of surface oxygenated functionalities. Thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectroscopy (TGA‐MS) indicated that the apparent increase in HTT for chars made in the O2 environment at 300 and 400°C resulted in the removal of methyl and higher alkyl functionalities in the biomass feedstock. Advanced solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) methods to quantify carbon functional group abundance and aromaticity supported this observation. Overall, addition of oxygen to the pyrolysis atmosphere will increase pyrolysis process severity but will not create oxygenated groups on biochar surfaces as biochar aging does. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 696–707, 2017

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Section: Biochar Yields and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Table shows the aromaticity of the biochars calculated from the DP/MAS spectra and estimates of biochar T 1 times. T 1 times are based on fitting a curve (ln

y = a \cdot x + b

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and reaction atmosphere effects on the properties of corn stover biochar

Brewer

Hall

Schmidt‐Rohr³

et al. 2016

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…This tendency can be attributed to the ash content of the biomass. Brewer (2012) converted corn stover, switchgrass, and hardwood into biochars using pyrolysis and gasification methods. The results showed that biomass types with high ash contents produced biochars with lower heating potential when compared to biomass with low ash content, which produced biochar with high heating potential.…”

Section: Hhv and Specific Surface Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because of the combustion of volatiles in the reactor to produce biochar and syngas, and then the combustion of syngas produced heat for cooking. The biochar produced in these small TLUD gasifiers might be useful for other applications (Brewer, 2012). However, little is known about the biochar quality since no previous studies of biochar characterization as a function of the available air for gasification and reactor design have been reported to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biochar from Rice Hulls and Wood Chips Produced in a Top-Lit Updraft Biomass Gasifier

2016

Trans. ASABE

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“…This result indicates that the hydrothermal treatments in the presence of water at temperatures and subcritical pressures can dissolve part of said matter [17]. When buying the results obtained with a reference carbon, it is observed that after the heat treatment the two evaluated biomasses have better results in terms of the biocarbon yield, being pyrolysis the process that contributes a substantial increase in fixed carbon, which implies the formation of highly condensed and stable compounds [18].…”

Section: Biocarbon Characterization By Immediate Analysismentioning

confidence: 90%

Valorization of Waste From Agro-Industry Using Thermo-Chemical Treatments

Strubinger

Oyoque

González

et al. 2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The increasing generation of solid waste and the interest in renewable and alternative energies has become goals in recent years. The objective of this work was to apply thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis, and hydrothermal conversion (HTC and HTL) into waste from the industry such as the coffee husk (CH), and orange peel (OP) in order to determine their performance towards the production of biocarbon, distribution of organic liquid products, as well as characterization of the bio carbon, obtained. Pyrolysis treatments were carried out with a rapid heating ramp up to 500°C, HTC at 250C, and HTL at 280C for 4 hours in triplicates for each biomass. The highest bio carbon yield for OP was obtained by HTC with 36% w/w and for CH the pyrolysis with 40% w/w. The biocarbon obtained from the OP by pyrolysis has a high potential as fuel with a higher heating value (HHV) of 26,3 MJ/kg. On the other hand, in the CH processed by HTC and HTL reported HHV values of 23 MJ/kg. The processing by HTC and HTL favours the formation of biocarbon with high iodine and methylene blue (MB) indices compared to a commercial carbon, for the OP the values obtained are: 343 and 416 mg I2/g, and 174 and 188 mg MB/g whereas for CH 432 and 427 mg I2/g, and 264 and 173 mg AM/g. In relation to liquid organic products, the processing of OP induces the formation of organic compound fractions in the gasoline and diesel range (GRO+DRO) with values between 75-78% when the heat treatments are employed. For the CH, the highest fraction of GRO+DRO was obtained from the pyrolysis with 81%. The HTC obtained the lowest sulphur content for both processed biomass, where the values did not exceed 0.066% w/w.

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Biochar characterization and engineering

Cited by 42 publications

References 13 publications

Temperature and reaction atmosphere effects on the properties of corn stover biochar

Temperature and reaction atmosphere effects on the properties of corn stover biochar

Characterization of Biochar from Rice Hulls and Wood Chips Produced in a Top-Lit Updraft Biomass Gasifier

Valorization of Waste From Agro-Industry Using Thermo-Chemical Treatments

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