The increasing generation of solid waste and the interest in renewable and alternative energies has become goals in recent years. The objective of this work was to apply thermochemical conversion processes such as pyrolysis, and hydrothermal conversion (HTC and HTL) into waste from the industry such as the coffee husk (CH), and orange peel (OP) in order to determine their performance towards the production of biocarbon, distribution of organic liquid products, as well as characterization of the bio carbon, obtained. Pyrolysis treatments were carried out with a rapid heating ramp up to 500°C, HTC at 250C, and HTL at 280C for 4 hours in triplicates for each biomass. The highest bio carbon yield for OP was obtained by HTC with 36% w/w and for CH the pyrolysis with 40% w/w. The biocarbon obtained from the OP by pyrolysis has a high potential as fuel with a higher heating value (HHV) of 26,3 MJ/kg. On the other hand, in the CH processed by HTC and HTL reported HHV values of 23 MJ/kg. The processing by HTC and HTL favours the formation of biocarbon with high iodine and methylene blue (MB) indices compared to a commercial carbon, for the OP the values obtained are: 343 and 416 mg I2/g, and 174 and 188 mg MB/g whereas for CH 432 and 427 mg I2/g, and 264 and 173 mg AM/g. In relation to liquid organic products, the processing of OP induces the formation of organic compound fractions in the gasoline and diesel range (GRO+DRO) with values between 75-78% when the heat treatments are employed. For the CH, the highest fraction of GRO+DRO was obtained from the pyrolysis with 81%. The HTC obtained the lowest sulphur content for both processed biomass, where the values did not exceed 0.066% w/w.
La materia orgánica proveniente de centros de faenamiento, puede aprovecharse mediante digestión anaerobia para producción de biogás y de un fertilizante rico en nutrientes. El monitoreo de la concentración de metano, propano y butano son parámetros relevantes que evidencian la eficiencia de digestión. En el presente estudio, se desarrolló una metodología para la medición de estos hidrocarburos, utilizando espectrofotometría infrarroja de transformadas de Fourier (FTIR) y la asistencia de cálculos químico-cuánticos, que permitieron la asignación de bandas de absorción de cada hidrocarburo en el biogás. Los límites de cuantificación fueron de 0,36 %V/V para propano y butano y 1,47 %V/V para metano. Se realizaron pruebas de biodigestión con desechos del centro de faenamiento municipal del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, obteniéndose que una mezcla de rumen y estiércol bovino, sometida a 50 °C, generó biogás enriquecido hasta en un 65,4 %V/V de metano posterior a 15 días de biodigestión. Adicionalmente, se produjo digestado sólido y líquido que cumplen con las normativas internacionales para su posible aplicación en el suelo. Los resultados demostraron la potencialidad del método de seguimiento de biodigestión y la posible transformación de desechos de camal en una fuente de energía renovable.
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