Bioavailability, Toxicity, and Fate of Manufactured Nanomaterials in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Comparative Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles, ZnO Bulk Particles, and Zn2+ on Brassica napus After Long-Term Exposure: Changes in Growth, Biochemical Compounds, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, and Zn Bioaccumulation

“…Consistent with our speculation, other researchers have also reported dissolution of metal ions by ZnO NPs as a toxicity mechanism on biological systems (Li et al 2011;Judy and Bertsch 2014). Franklin et al (2007) have also compared the toxicity of ZnO NPs with that of Zn 2+ and found that toxicity of ZnO NPs may be partly related to the solubility of the NPs.…”

Effects of silver sulfide nanomaterials on mycorrhizal colonization of tomato plants and soil microbial communities in biosolid-amended soil

“…For example, the impact of a-ENMs on beneficial soil fungi and plant-fungi symbioses is largely unstudied (Dubchak et al, 2010). The majority of terrestrial plant species form mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), in which the plant provides the AMF with carbohydrates while the AMF facilitates the uptake of inorganic nutrients, including N, P, and Zn into the plant (Rengel, 1999;Judy and Bertsch, 2014).…”

Bioavailability of silver and silver sulfide nanoparticles to lettuce (Lactuca sativa): Effect of agricultural amendments on plant uptake

“…Recent reviews [12][13][14] have concluded that there is a need to carry out experiments that use realistic exposure pathways, realistic Ag concentrations and also consider agricultural practices e.g. fertiliser use.…”

“…It is important to carry out experiments under realistic conditions using soil, otherwise the potential environmental risks of AgNPs may be overestimated if simple solution media are used. For example, soil has been shown to decrease the availability of AgNPs to terrestrial organisms [15] due to the strong interactions of AgNPs with clay and organic matter (OM) [13,14,[16][17][18].…”