Comparative Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles, ZnO Bulk Particles, and Zn2+ on Brassica napus After Long-Term Exposure: Changes in Growth, Biochemical Compounds, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, and Zn Bioaccumulation

Kouhi, Seyed Mousa Mousavi; Lahouti, Mehrdad; Ganjeali, Ali; Entezari, Mohammad Hassan

doi:10.1007/s11270-015-2628-7

Cited by 49 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It can be said that the fresh and dry weight loss of the roots and stems in the present study was probably due to the disruption of the biosynthesis and transfer of growth regulators, such as gibberellic acid and auxin, in the plants treated with both ZnO NPs and bulk ZnO. This result is consistent with the studies on the Brassica napus plant conducted by Mousavi Kohi et al [43]. Furthermore, Rao and Shekhawat's study on the toxicity effects of 200, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg L −1 of ZnO NPs on the growth and metabolism of B. juncea showed a decrease in the fresh and dry weights of plants in a dose-dependent manner [44].…”

Section: Seedling Growth Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…■ Although the absorption of bulk ZnO particles by the roots should be naturally lower than that of the ZnO NPs, it has been shown by some studies that Zn accumulation in the roots of the plants treated with bulk ZnO particles is more than in the roots of the plants treated with ZnO NPs [60]. ■ The inhibitory effects of the bulk ZnO treatments are much higher than those of the ZnO NP treatments on the growth of P. oleracea L. These results are consistent with the results of Mousavi Kohi et al, who studied the inhibitory effects of the bulk ZnO and ZnO NP treatments in B. napus [43].…”

Section: Flavonoid and Phenolic Content And Total Antioxidant Capacitysupporting

confidence: 87%

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Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant content, germination, and biochemical and ultrastructural cell characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L.

et al. 2019

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This report focuses on the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) carrying phycomolecule ligands as a novel plant growth promoter aimed at increasing the crop productivity of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Experiments were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with nine replications. Purslane seeds were treated with four concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L−1) and four concentrations of bulk ZnO (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L−1). The ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves of the plants treated with of 500 mg L−1 ZnO NPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the treatment with ZnO NPs increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds significantly more than the treatment with bulk ZnO. Our findings also showed that the application of high concentrations of ZnO NPs is the most effective strategy to considerably induce the antioxidant capacity and enzymes of purslane plants. Furthermore, the seed germination percentage and sprout growth rates were significantly higher in the plants treated with 500 mg L−1 of ZnO NPs (100% ±0.00), compared to the control plants (93.33% ±1.66). The TEM images revealed the concentration of ZnO NPs and cell membrane rupture, as well as a deformation in the shape of chloroplasts and a decrease in their number in the plants treated with 500 mg L−1 ZnO NPs, compared to the control plants. Owing to their toxicity, high concentrations of ZnO NPs lead to oxidative stress in plants. Thus, our findings provide a new alternative strategy for increasing crop productivity, i.e., the application of ZnO NPs as a novel plant growth booster, in comparison with the bulk ZnO treatment.

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Section: Seedling Growth Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Flavonoid and Phenolic Content And Total Antioxidant Capacitysupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant content, germination, and biochemical and ultrastructural cell characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L.

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, it is important to take into account that the foliar application of ZnSO 4 could not generate the same stress as the ions obtained by the ZnO NPs, since the NPs have a higher transport potential and, therefore, a greater bioavailability and absorption that allows them to interact with intracellular structures that stimulate ROS formation [80,81]. However, other authors emphasized that the phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs cannot be explained only by dissolved ions since the properties of NPs can be affected by the means of exposure to plants [82,83].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate Boosts the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Habanero Peppers

García-López

Niño-Medina

Olivares‐Sáenz

et al. 2019

Plants

147

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The physiological responses of habanero pepper plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to foliar applications of zinc sulphate and zinc nano-fertilizer were evaluated in greenhouse trials. The effect of the supplement on fruit quality of habanero pepper was particularly observed. Habanero pepper plants were grown to maturity, and during the main stages of phenological development, they were treated with foliar applications of Zn at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 mg L−1 in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Additional Zn was not supplied to the control treatment plants. ZnO NPs at a concentration of 1000 mg L−1 positively affected plant height, stem diameter, and chlorophyll content, and increased fruit yield and biomass accumulation compared to control and ZnSO4 treatments. ZnO NPs at 2000 mg L−1 negatively affected plant growth but significantly increased fruit quality, capsaicin content by 19.3%, dihydrocapsaicin by 10.9%, and Scoville Heat Units by 16.4%. In addition, at 2000 ZnO NPs mg L−1 also increased content of total phenols and total flavonoids (soluble + bound) in fruits (14.50% and 26.9%, respectively), which resulted in higher antioxidant capacity in ABTS (2,2′azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) (15.4%, 31.8%, and 20.5%, respectively). These results indicate that application of ZnO NPs could be employed in habanero pepper production to improve yield, quality, and nutraceutical properties of fruits.

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“…Likewise, The use of embryo-specific promoters such as YAO led to efficient genome editing in Citrus sinesis by increasing the expression of Cas9 and sgRNA during plant reproduction [78]. Based on the results of other studies, a high level of sgRNA leads to low editing potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in tomato and A. thaliana [51,79]. In monocots, using plant endogenous promoter to express Cas9 leads to higher on-target mutations than CaMV35S [18,66,80,81].…”

Section: Strategies For Reducing Off-target Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Increase On-Target and Reduce Off-Target Effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 System in Plants

Hajiahmadi

Movahedi

Wei

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The CRISPR/Cas9 system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 9) is a powerful genome-editing tool in animals, plants, and humans. This system has some advantages, such as a high on-target mutation rate (targeting efficiency), less cost, simplicity, and high-efficiency multiplex loci editing, over conventional genome editing tools, including meganucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs). One of the crucial shortcomings of this system is unwanted mutations at off-target sites. We summarize and discuss different approaches, such as dCas9 and Cas9 paired nickase, to decrease the off-target effects in plants. According to studies, the most effective method to reduce unintended mutations is the use of ligand-dependent ribozymes called aptazymes. The single guide RNA (sgRNA)/ligand-dependent aptazyme strategy has helped researchers avoid unwanted mutations in human cells and can be used in plants as an alternative method to dramatically decrease the frequency of off-target mutations. We hope our concept provides a new, simple, and fast gene transformation and genome-editing approach, with advantages including reduced time and energy consumption, the avoidance of unwanted mutations, increased frequency of on-target changes, and no need for external forces or expensive equipment.

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Comparative Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles, ZnO Bulk Particles, and Zn2+ on Brassica napus After Long-Term Exposure: Changes in Growth, Biochemical Compounds, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, and Zn Bioaccumulation

Cited by 49 publications

References 58 publications

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant content, germination, and biochemical and ultrastructural cell characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L.

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant content, germination, and biochemical and ultrastructural cell characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L.

Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate Boosts the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Habanero Peppers

Strategies to Increase On-Target and Reduce Off-Target Effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 System in Plants

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