Bioavailability of triazine herbicides in a sandy soil profile

Jacobsen, Carsten Suhr; Shapir, Nir; Jensen, Lene O.; Jensen, Einar; Juhler, René K.; Streibig, J. C.; Mandelbaum, Ralphi T.; Helweg, A.

doi:10.1007/s003740100359

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While pesticides are frequently detected in groundwater underlying agricultural fields with long application histories, the fact that concentrations are sometimes very low (Albrechtsen et al, 2001) or not detectable (Jacobsen et al, 2001) suggests that the microbial attenuation of pesticide residues may occur in the unsaturated subsurface. In soil and subsoils, the fates of pesticides may include sorption, volatilization, biodegradation, and abiotic transformation.…”

Section: Vadose Zone Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typically low rates of atrazine mineralization may also be caused by low bioavailability of OM‐sorbed atrazine, since there is often a negative correlation between atrazine mineralization and OM percentage in the vadose zone (Jacobsen et al, 2001; Radosevich et al, 1996). However, OM supports cometabolic activity that is characteristic of atrazine mineralization processes (Willems et al, 1996).…”

Section: Vadose Zone Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

2005

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Surface soils and their microbiology have been studied for decades. However, subsurface soil, more broadly referred to as the vadose zone, is of increasing interest to microbiologists. The vadose zone, extending from the terrestrial surface to the groundwater table, is rich in microbes of many types. This review summarizes what is known about the abundance and diversity of microbes in the vadose zone and the environmental factors that influence vadose zone microbes and microbial processes. We discuss the roles of vadose zone microbes in nutrient cycling as well as their importance in pollutant remediation. We address a number of fundamental questions in vadose zone microbial ecology, including: What do we need to learn about vadose zone microbes to improve our ability to predict the fates of pollutants? How different are microbial communities and microbial activities in the terrestrial subsurface compared with surface soil? Numerous questions and arguments justify “deepening” soil microbiology's spatial context to include the whole unsaturated subsurface.

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Section: Vadose Zone Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vadose Zone Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

2005

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“…The main degradation process is microbial [11] , although it is slowly degraded when environmental conditions are unfavorable, being persistent in soil and aquifer sediment. [12][13] The main terbuthylazine metabolites, formed by dealkylation and hydroxylation, and the parent compound have been detected in groundwater, and are considered as potential pollutants for aquifer contamination. [14] Materials and methods…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terbuthylazine persistence in an organic amended soil

Cabrera

Cox

Velarde

et al. 2008

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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The aim of this work was to study the effect of the application of a solid waste from olive oil production (alperujo) on the movement and persistence of the herbicide terbuthylazine (N2-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N4-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine). An experimental olive grove was divided in two plots: (i) Plot without organic amendment (blank) and (ii) Plot treated with alperujo during 3 years at a rate of 17920 kg of alperujo ha(- 1). Terbuthylazine was applied to both plots at a rate of 2 kg ha(- 1) a.i. Triplicates from each plot were sampled at 3 depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm), air-dried, remains of olive leaves, grass roots, and stones removed and sieved through a 5 mm mesh sieve. Terbuthylazine was extracted with methanol 1:2 weight:volume ratio, the extracts were evaporated to dryness, resuspended in 2 mL of methanol, filtered and anylized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Higher amounts of terbuthylazine were detected at each sampling depth in plots treated with alperujo. The increase in soil organic matter content upon amendment with alperujo slightly increased sorption, suggesting that other factors beside sorption affect terbuthylazine degradation rate in organic amended soils.

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“…The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aging of the four herbicides atrazine, terbuthylazine, 2,4‐D, and mecoprop in soil or sandy aquifer sediment on microbial mineralization by the Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP [12] (atrazine [12] and terbuthylazine [13]) and by a highly enriched culture (mecoprop and 2,4‐D). The structure and characteristics of the four herbicides studied are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization of aged atrazine, terbuthylazine, 2,4‐D, and mecoprop in soil and aquifer sediment

Johannesen

Aamand

2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The effect of aging of the herbicides atrazine, terbuthylazine, 2,4-D, and mecoprop on their bioavailability to degrading microorganisms was studied in soil and aquifer sediment. 14 C-ring-labeled herbicide (2.5 mg/kg) was added to sterilized soil or aquifer sediment and stored at 10ЊC for up to 103 d before inoculation with either the atrazine and terbuthylazine-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP (atrazine-degrading Pseudomonas) or an enriched culture able to mineralize 2,4-D and mecoprop. The initial mineralization rate and recovery of 14 CO 2 after 62 to 113 d of incubation were used as measures of the availability of the compounds to the microorganisms. Aging in soil reduced the initial mineralization of atrazine. Thus, only 17% of the added 14 C-atrazine had been mineralized after 21 h of incubation when aged for 88 d as compared with 33% when the atrazine had been aged for 1 d. 14 CO 2 recovery was only 58% after 88 d of aging as compared with 81% when aged for 1 d. A similar effect of aging was seen with terbuthylazine. With 2,4-D, the effect of aging in soil on mineralization by the enriched culture was much smaller. Aging had no effect on mineralization of mecoprop in soil or on mineralization of any of the herbicides in aquifer sediment.

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Bioavailability of triazine herbicides in a sandy soil profile

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

Terbuthylazine persistence in an organic amended soil

Mineralization of aged atrazine, terbuthylazine, 2,4‐D, and mecoprop in soil and aquifer sediment

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