Terbuthylazine persistence in an organic amended soil

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the effect of the application of a solid waste from olive oil production (alperujo) on the movement and persistence of the herbicide terbuthylazine (N2-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N4-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine). An experimental olive grove was divided in two plots: (i) Plot without organic amendment (blank) and (ii) Plot treated with alperujo during 3 years at a rate of 17920 kg of alperujo ha(- 1). Terbuthylazine was applied to both plots at a rate of 2 kg ha(- 1) a.i. Triplicates from each plot were sampled at 3 depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm), air-dried, remains of olive leaves, grass roots, and stones removed and sieved through a 5 mm mesh sieve. Terbuthylazine was extracted with methanol 1:2 weight:volume ratio, the extracts were evaporated to dryness, resuspended in 2 mL of methanol, filtered and anylized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Higher amounts of terbuthylazine were detected at each sampling depth in plots treated with alperujo. The increase in soil organic matter content upon amendment with alperujo slightly increased sorption, suggesting that other factors beside sorption affect terbuthylazine degradation rate in organic amended soils.

Sorption of Terbuthylazine in Organic Matter Amended Soils: Effects on Eisenia Fetida and Lumbricus Terrestris

“…The addition of organic matter to the herbicide treated soil increased the earthworm weight, reproductive and enzymatic activities probably due to the sorption of terbuthylazine with the organic matter. These results are in agreement with Dolaptsoglou et al [43] and Cabrera et al [30,32], who found a decrease of terbuthylazine in the soil solution after the addition of organic matter to soil due to the herbicide sorption.…”

“…Extracts were mixed and rotary-vacuum evaporated almost to dryness at 40 ºC. The residue was dissolved in 2 ml of methanol and analyzed by HPLC [30]. Terbuthylazine was analyzed using a Beckman, System Gold, Autosampler 508 HPLC chromatograph coupled to a Waters 2996 diode-array detector.…”

Determination of herbicide terbuthylazine and its major hydroxy and dealkylated metabolites in constructed wetland sediments using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection

“…The main degradation pathways of TER are summarized in Figure 1. As the use of TER became widespread, a number of new analytical methods aiming towards its determination have been developed [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The majority of the aforementioned analytical methods deal with the determination of TER along with its major degradation products in water samples.…”

Τύχη Και Συμπεριφορά Γεωργικών Φαρμάκων Σε Συστήματα Βιοκλινών Προσαρμοσμένων Στον Ελλαδικό Χώρο Και Αξιολόγηση Τους Στον Περιορισμό Της, Από Σημειακές Πηγές, Ρύπανσης Με Γεωργικά Φάρμακα

“…sterbuthylazine (Bowman, 1989;Dousset et al, 1994;Delgado-Moreno et al, 2007;Dolaptsoglou et al, 2007;Cabrera et al, 2008). hydroxy-terbuthylazine pH (Blumhorst and Weber, 1994).…”