Bioavailability of Fluoranthene in Freshwater Sediment Toxicity Tests

Suedel, Burton C.; Rodgers, John H.; Clifford, Philip A.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[155:bofifs]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The EqP approach predicts that sediment toxicity can be predicted from effects determined in water‐only exposures. Interstitial water concentrations in these experiments (Table 3) were estimated to overlap the range of reported H. azteca 10‐d water‐only LC50s for fluoranthene of 221 nmol/L [24] and 299.6 nmol/L (B. Suedel, personal communication), as well as the range of acute values (178–1,046 nmol/L, 96‐h LC50 or median effective concentration [EC50]) measured in water‐only tests with 13 freshwater species, and the final acute value (FAV = 166 nmol/L) and final chronic value (FCV = 30.5 nmol/L) derived from those tests [23]. In addition, two water‐only experiments performed in our laboratory produced 10‐d LC50s of 481 and 564 and nmol/L for H. azteca [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on equilibrium partitioning, maximum sediment concentrations (36.8 μmol/g OC in experiment 1 and 165 μmol/g OC experiment 2, Table 3) should result in significant mortality in 10‐d sediment exposures. In addition, nominal concentrations of fluoranthene in sediment in the first experiment (40–320 nmol/g dry weight) were chosen to bracket the range of published LC50 and EC50 (immobility) values for this species, 11.4 to 36.6 nmol/g dry weight (EC50) [24], 76.1 nmol/g dry weight (LC50) [25], and 150 nmol/g dry weight (LC50, B. Suedel, personal communication). Although measured sediment concentrations in the second experiment were even higher (up to 876 nmol/g dry weight), minimal mortality was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two experiments were conducted that exposed H. azteca and Diporeia to [ 14 C]fluoranthene‐dosed sediment for up to 30 d. To avoid the potential for photoinduced toxicity, all experiments were conducted under yellow light (>500 nm wavelength) and the mode of action was expected to be non‐polar narcosis. Sediment concentrations were selected on the basis of the toxicokinetics of pyrene ([13], and see Discussion), which has a log K ow of 5.2, which is similar to that of fluoranthene (log K ow = 5.09) [23], and median lethal concentration (LC50) values for H. azteca from the literature ([24,25], and see Discussion). Nominal sediment concentrations for the first experiment were 0 (control), 0.1 (trace), 40, 80, 160, and 320 nmol fluoranthene/g dry weight sediment for H. azteca , and 0 (control), 0.1 (trace), 160, 320, 630, and 1,270 nmol/g dry weight for Diporeia in both experiments (mol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation and toxicokinetics of fluoranthene in sediment bioassays with freshwater amphipods

Driscoll

Harkey

Landrum

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Two freshwater amphipods, Hyalella azteca and Diporeia sp., were exposed to sediment spiked with radiolabeled fluoranthene at nominal concentrations of 0.1 (trace) to 1,270 nmol fluoranthene/g dry weight. In two experiments, uptake kinetics and mortality were determined over 30-d exposures. Concentrations of fluoranthene in sediment and pore water were also measured. Mean survival of H. azteca was generally high, greater than 90% after 10 or 16 d, and greater than 74% after 30 d. Mean survival was lower for Diporeia, 14% after a 30-d exposure to the highest sediment concentration in experiment 1, and 53% in experiment 2. Tissue concentrations in Diporeia were as high as 2 to 4 mol/g wet weight, a body burden that could be expected to result in death by narcosis. Hyalella azteca did not typically accumulate more than 1 mol/g wet weight, which is consistent with the lower observed mortality. Apparent steady-state biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs, lipid-and organic-carbon-normalized) for sediment concentrations other than trace level tended to be higher for Diporeia (0.345-0.818) than for H. azteca (0.161-0.612). The BSAFs for trace levels tended to be lower for both species (0.045-0.436) in comparison to higher sediment concentrations. For both organisms, the internal concentration based on body residue was a more reliable indicator of toxicity than were equilibrium partitioning predictions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulation and toxicokinetics of fluoranthene in sediment bioassays with freshwater amphipods

Driscoll

Harkey

Landrum

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…However, several other explanations can also be advanced to account for the difference between the predicted and observed sediment effects thresholds. For example, the equilibrium partitioning approach could underestimate the toxicologic importance of particle‐bound HCBD [42] or organic carbon type [43,44]. Also, the acute‐chronic ratio used to modify the published aquatic LC50s possibly was not great enough to account for the difference between amphipod mortality in this study after 96 h (not measured) and 10 d (measured).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three lines of evidence in a sediment toxicity evaluation for hexachlorobutadiene

Fuchsman

Sferra²,

Barber

2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Three approaches were used in a site‐specific sediment toxicity evaluation for hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), a chemical not previously tested for toxicity in sediment. The results of a sediment dilution study, spiked sediment toxicity tests, and a probabilistic model based on equilibrium partitioning theory were used to estimate ecological effects thresholds for HCBD in sediments of a Gulf Coast estuary. Twenty‐nine sediment samples, including 11 undiluted samples and six dilution series, were tested for toxicity under estuarine conditions (10%0 salinity) using Hyalella azteca and Leptocheirus plumulosus. Site sediment was used as diluent, and all samples were assayed for a range of organic and inorganic chemicals. A logistic relationship was observed between HCBD concentrations and organism response, and nonlinear regression explained approximately 90% of the observed variation in amphipod survival as a function of HCBD. Spiked sediment toxicity test results generally agreed with the results of the dilution study, demonstrating the causality of the observed concentration–response relationship. Effects thresholds were estimated as HCBD concentrations corresponding to 80% amphipod survival. The most conservative effects thresholds from the spiked sediment and dilution studies were 0.63 mg/kg normalized to 1% total organic carbon (mg/kg1%OC) for H. azteca and 1.4 mg/kg1%OC for L. plumulosus. Aquatic LC50s for 10 species and a measured acute–chronic ratio from the published literature were used to predict a distribution of sediment effects thresholds for HCBD, with 10th and 90th percentile values of 2.6 and 45 mg/kg1%OC, respectively. The predicted and observed sediment effects thresholds thus agreed relatively well, although the H. azteca and L. plumulosus test results from this study seem to be somewhat more conservative than the majority of published aquatic toxicity test results.

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“…Kemble et al (1994) reported the rank sensitivity of four species to metal-contaminated sediments to be (from most to least sensitive): H azteca > C. riparius > Onchorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) > Daphnia magna. Similarly, in 10-day water-only and whole-sediment tests, H. azteca and C. tentans were more sensitive than D. magna to fluoranthene (Suedel et al, 1993). Thus it appears that the species most routinely used for sediment toxicity testing are at least as sensitive as those species typically used for aqueous testing.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Test Species -mentioning

confidence: 89%

Issues Relating To Sediment Toxicity Testing And Bioaccumulation Of Persistent Chemicals In SRS Sediments

Winona¹

2005

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Bioavailability of Fluoranthene in Freshwater Sediment Toxicity Tests

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Accumulation and toxicokinetics of fluoranthene in sediment bioassays with freshwater amphipods

Accumulation and toxicokinetics of fluoranthene in sediment bioassays with freshwater amphipods

Three lines of evidence in a sediment toxicity evaluation for hexachlorobutadiene

Issues Relating To Sediment Toxicity Testing And Bioaccumulation Of Persistent Chemicals In SRS Sediments

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