Bioavailability of dexmedetomidine after intranasal administration

Intranasal Dexmedetomidine in Termination of First Trimester Pregnancy of Suction Evacuation

“…Zhang et al found that adequate sedation was achieved within 30 to 45 min after intranasal dexmedetomidine in patients during electrochemotherapy for facial vascular malformation [4]. Lirola et al demonstrated that the median times to reach peak plasma concentration and the elimination half-life were 38 and 114 min, respectively, with the median absolute bioavailability of 65% following intranasal dexmedetomidine of 84 µg/kg [21]. We obtained similar results of sedation and anxiolysis with intranasal dexmedetomidine 45 min before abortion.…”

Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effects of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam as a Premedication Agent in Children Undergoing Elective Surgery

“…Bioavailability of intranasal dexmedetomidine is 65% (35 -93%). 12 Whereas the sedation, anterograde amnesia and anticonvulsant properties of midazolam are mediated via alpha 1 GABA receptors. These receptors are found in highest densities in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, substantia nigra and inferior colliculus.…”

“…13 TimoIirola et al 12 showed intranasal dexmedetomidine does not produce local effects on nasal mucosa like mucosal irritation, ulceration, inflammation and bleeding. Pradiptabhakta et al 14 in their study concluded that intranasal midazolam in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg was as effective as 0.3 mg/kg in producing anxiolysis and sedation.…”

Intranasal deksmedetomidin er gunstig som premedikasjon til barn – sett fra anestesisykepleieres perspektiv

“…Kunnskap om farmakokinetikk og farmakodynamiske egenskaper er derfor viktig når anestesisykepleiere skal administrere medikamenter, og har stor betydning for pasientsikkerheten (21,22). Målet må vaere å tilby individuelt tilpasset dosering og forhindre uheldige hendelser (21).…”

“…Lavere plasmakonsentrasjoner gir en lettere sedasjon. Deltakernes erfaringer kan også relateres til at stimulering bør skje ved maksimal plasmakonsentrasjon av deksmedetomidin (22).…”