Bioavailability of bound microcystins in mice orally fed with contaminated tilapia edible tissues: Implications to human health

Mohamed, Zainal Abidin; Bakr, Asmaa; Soliman, Hatem

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.082

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Due to their hydrophilic nature, MCs cannot readily enter the cells of exposed organisms, but require an uptake mechanism. Upon swallowing, MCs overcome the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier and enter blood circulation [58][59][60][61]. Uptake into hepatocytes is facilitated by organic anion transport polypeptides (OATPs) of the bile acid transport system, particularly OATP1B1, 1B3 that are highly expressed in parenchymal hepatocytes, and also by OATP1A2 [62,63].…”

Section: Microcystin Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

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Background: Cyanobacterial blooms occur with increasing frequency in freshwater ecosystems, posing a hazard to human and environmental health. Exposure of human to cyanobacterial metabolites occurs mostly via accidental ingestion through contaminated drinking water or during recreational activities and, most frequently, results in gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite the clinical manifestation, cyanobacterial metabolites are rather investigated for their toxicity towards specific organs or tissues, especially hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, than for effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the associated lymphoid tissue. Main body: The aim of this review was to systematically summarize available literature on the effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system and compile the data from both, in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on human health-relevant models. Our systematic literature review revealed significant data gaps in the understanding on metabolites breaching the gastrointestinal barrier and the role of the immune system in the establishment of clinical symptoms. Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, immune system effects, or both. Furthermore, cyanobacterial bloom lipopolysaccharides, other less studied metabolites and their mixtures have been also implicated to have a role in gastrointestinal inflammation. Conclusion: The collected data indicate the need for a reassessment of potential enterotoxicity of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. In addition, the carcinogenic potential of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins, has to be clarified, as an increasing amount of epidemiological studies show correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and gastrointestinal cancer incidence. Furthermore, other, often highly abundant bioactive metabolites such as aeruginosins, have to be toxicologically evaluated at distinct levels also accounting for (sub-)chronic exposure to low concentrations and in combination with naturally co-occurring metabolites, which can be expected in drinking water supplies.

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Section: Microcystin Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

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“…MC-cysteine conjugates are still toxic but less so than free MCs (Kondo et al, 1992); the toxicity of MCs bound to PPases has not been determined. The bioavailability and bioaccessibility of protein-bound MCs, that could become free during the digestion process in consumers is also unknown (Mohamed et al, 2018). In the context of increasing average global temperature and periodic droughts and floods, the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms may become more frequent and intense in the future (Paerl and Paul, 2020), as may cyanotoxin transfer in estuarine zones and marine coastal areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ use of bivalves and passive samplers to reveal water contamination by microcystins along a freshwater-marine continuum in France

et al. 2021

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Cyanobacteria are a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health because of their ability to produce cyanotoxins, such as microcystins (MCs). MCs are regularly monitored in fresh waters, but rarely in estuarine and marine waters despite the possibility of their downstream export. Over a period of two years, we monthly analysed intracellular (in phytoplankton) and extracellular (dissolved in water) MCs at five stations along a river continuum from a freshwater reservoir with ongoing cyanobacterial blooms to the coast of Brittany, France. MCs were quantified using two integrative samplers placed at each site: solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers for collecting extracellular MCs and caged mussels (Anodonta anatina and Mytilus edulis) filter-feeding on MC-producing cyanobacteria.The MC transfer was demonstrated each year during five months at estuarine sites and sporadically at the marine outlet. SPATT samplers integrated extracellular MCs, notably at low environmental concentrations (0.2 µg/L) and with the same variant profile as in water. The mussel A. anatina highlighted the presence of MCs including at intracellular concentrations below 1 µg/L. M. edulis more efficiently revealed the MC transfer at estuarine sites than punctual water samplings. Bivalves showed the same MC variant profile as phytoplankton samples, but with differential accumulation capacities between the variants and the two species.Using SPATT or bivalves can give a more accurate assessment of the contamination level of a freshwater-marine continuum, in which the MC transfer can be episodic. MC content in M. edulis represents a potent threat to human health if considering updated French guideline values, and particularly the total (free and protein-bound) MC content, highlighting the necessity to include cyanotoxins in the monitoring of seafood originating from estuarine areas.

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“…Due to their hydrophilic nature, MCs cannot readily enter the cells of exposed organisms but require an uptake mechanism. Upon swallowing, MCs overcome the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier and enter blood circulation [57][58][59][60]. Uptake into hepatocytes is facilitated by organic anion transport polypeptides (OATPs) of the bile acid transport system, particularly OATP1B1, 1B3 and, to a minor extent, OATP1A2 that are highly expressed in parenchymal hepatocytes [61,62].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cyanobacterial Toxins on the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and the Mucosal Innate Immune System

Kubíčková

Babica

Hilscherová

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Cyanobacterial blooms occur with increasing frequency in freshwater ecosystems, posing a hazard to human and environmental health. Exposure of human to cyanobacterial metabolites occurs mostly via accidental ingestion through contaminated drinking water or during recreational activities and, most frequently, results in gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite the clinical manifestation, cyanobacterial metabolites are rather investigated for their toxicity towards specific organs or tissues, especially hepato-, nephro- and neurotoxicity, then for effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the associated lymphoid tissue. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize available literature on the effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system and compile the data from both, in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on human-health relevant models. Our systematic literature review revealed significant data gaps in the understanding on metabolites breaching the gastrointestinal barrier and the role of the immune system in the establishment of clinical symptoms. Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, immune system effects or both. Furthermore, implications for cyanobacterial bloom lipopolysaccharides in gastrointestinal inflammation were reported in several cases, while other metabolites received only minor attention. The collected data indicate the need for a reassessment of potential enterotoxicity of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. Additionally, the carcinogenic potential of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins, has to be clarified, as an increasing amount of epidemiological studies show correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and gastrointestinal cancer incidence. Furthermore, other, often highly abundant bioactive metabolites like aeruginosins, have to be toxicologically evaluated at levels also accounting for (sub-)chronic exposure to low concentrations and in combination with naturally co-occurring metabolites, as can be expected in drinking water supplies. studies, focusing on human-health relevant models. Our systematic literature review revealed significant data gaps in the understanding on metabolites breaching the gastrointestinal barrier and the role of the immune system in the establishment of clinical symptoms. Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, immune system effects or both. Furthermore, implications for cyanobacterial bloom lipopolysaccharides in gastrointestinal inflammation were reported in several cases, while other metabolites received only minor attention. The collected data indicate the need for a reassessment of potential enterotoxicity of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. Additionally, the carcinogenic potential of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins, has to be clarified, as an increasing amount of epidemiological studies show correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and gastrointestinal cancer incidence. Furthermore, other, often highly abundant bioactive metabolites like aeruginosins, have to be toxicologically evaluated at levels also accounting for (sub-)chronic exposure to low concentrations and in combination with naturally co-occurring metabolites, as can be expected in drinking water supplies.

show abstract

Bioavailability of bound microcystins in mice orally fed with contaminated tilapia edible tissues: Implications to human health

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

In situ use of bivalves and passive samplers to reveal water contamination by microcystins along a freshwater-marine continuum in France

Effects of Cyanobacterial Toxins on the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and the Mucosal Innate Immune System

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