Bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation of manganese and cadmium co-contaminated soil by Polygonaceae plants (Polygonum hydropiper L. and Polygonum lapathifolium L.) and Enterobacter sp. FM-1

Microbial nutrient limitation in rhizosphere soils of different food crop families: Evidence from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry

“…Conversely, soil from buckwheat significantly exhibited the lowest C‐ and N‐acquiring enzyme activities, which were possibly related to strong tolerance. Polygonaceae plants are generally adaptable and have low nutrient requirements (Li et al, 2020). Soil microorganisms are sensitive to crop types and soil nutrient accumulation because they must secrete enzymes to supply reduced SOM in low‐nutrient environments (Wallenius et al, 2011); thus, they contributed to high MBC concentrations in buckwheat rhizospheric soil.…”

Applying fulvic acid for sediment metals remediation: Mechanism, factors, and prospect

“…Some rhizosphere microorganisms are resistant to metals and can promote plant growth ( Wiangkham and Prapagdee, 2018 ). The main reason is that some metabolites of these rhizobacteria can decrease the bioavailability of metals in sediments ( Teixeira et al, 2014 ; Li Y. et al, 2020 ).…”

Practical limitations of bioaugmentation in treating heavy metal contaminated soil and role of plant growth promoting bacteria in phytoremediation as a promising alternative approach

“…Accommodating previous explanation, analysis on the potential specific-type heavy metal hyper accumulator plants is suggested to be explored further. Certain plant species can adsorb and accumulate certain heavy metal type inside their cell, thus resulting in higher removal of heavy metals from the contaminated medium ( Li et al., 2020 ). In the search of the hyper accumulator species, certain criteria need to be concerned, including the species should be nonedible plants ( Ekperusi et al., 2019 ; Shahid et al., 2020 ), highest concentration that can be tolerated by plants (maximum tolerable concentration) ( Purwanti et al., 2018a , Purwanti et al., 2018b ), minimum concentration of heavy metals that starts to inhibit the plant's growth (minimum inhibitory concentration) ( Imron et al., 2021 ), and perennial plant type is suggested to minimize harvesting that can increase operation and maintenance cost ( Al-Baldawi et al., 2015 ; Im et al., 2019 ).…”

“…In addition, searching for a specific microbial species that could promote plant growth that also enhances the removal of heavy metals from soil is highly endorsed. Microbial species (whether bacteria or fungi) may have specific mechanisms to certain heavy metals that can result in higher removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil during bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation ( Ismail et al., 2020 ; Kamaruzzaman et al., 2020 ; Li et al., 2020 ). Analysis of the interaction between specific microorganisms and specific plants species is also recommended to analyze heavy metal elimination from soil during bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation ( Abdullah et al., 2020 ; Shahid et al., 2020 ).…”

“…After the selection of the PGPB, addition of the selected species during the real field phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil should be concerned ( Wu et al., 2020 ). Appropriate bacterial concentration ( Li et al., 2020 ), carrying medium ( Mubashar et al., 2020 ), and volume ( Wang et al., 2019 ) need to be determined to obtain the maximum removal efficiencies. Accommodating the parametric analysis on the bacterial addition, optimization of the treatment condition is also recommended to obtain the highest performance.…”